потеря (
часть (
ii. Plural: -ы
, -и 4сторона (
перестановка (
c. Neuter nouns have the following endings:
i. Singular: -о
, -еместо (
поле (
ii. Plural: -а
, -яме́сто (
по́ле (
4. Instrumental case.
a. Masculine and neuter nouns have the following endings in the singular: -ом
, -ем.i. Examples of masculine nouns:
интеграл (
делитель (
ii. Examples of neuter nouns:
место (
поле (
b. Feminine nouns have the following endings in the singular: -ой
, -ей, -ью.сторона (
функция (
часть (
c. The plural endings in the dative case are identical for masculine, neuter, and feminine nouns: -ами
, -ями.i. Examples of masculine nouns:
интеграл (
делитель (
ii. Examples of neuter nouns:
место (
поле (
iii. Examples of feminine nouns:
сторона (
функция (
5. Locative case
.a. Masculine nouns have the following ending in the singular: -е
.интеграл (
делитель (
b. Neuter nouns have the following endings in the singular: -е
, -и.место (
отображение (
c. Feminine nouns have the following endings in the singular: -е
, -и.сторона (
часть (
d. The plural endings in the locative case are identical for masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns: -ах
, -ях.i. Examples of masculine nouns:
интеграл (
делитель (
ii. Examples of feminine nouns:
сторона (
потеря (
iii. Examples of neuter nouns:
место (
отображение (
D. Nouns with Stem Changes |
There are several sets of nouns which exhibit stem changes throughout their declensions. Among these are the р
-stem nouns, с-stem nouns, and н-stem nouns. Some examples are given below in partial declension, while more complete declensions are given in the Appendix.1. Two important feminine nouns are found in the р
-stem declension: мать (mother) and дочь (daughter).мать (
дочь (
2. Among the с
-stem nouns is the neuter noun небо (sky).небо (
3. Two important neuter nouns are found in the н
-stem declension: имя (name) and время (time)имя (
время (
E. Proper Names |
Proper names in Russian are declined. Last names may end in an adjectival ending, which decline as adjectives, or they may end in -ов
(-ев) or -ин. The latter forms exhibit a mixed declension. The masculine singular is declined like a noun, except for the instrumental, which is declined like an adjective. The feminine singular is declined like a pronoun. In the plural, the nominative is declined like a short-form adjective, while the remaining forms are declined like long-form adjectives.Russian names ending in -ых
, -их, -аго, and -ово are invariable. Last names ending in -а/-я follow the feminine noun pattern, regardless of the gender of the person to whom the name refers. Sample paradigms of declined names are given in the Appendix.Footnotes