A. J. Lohwater's Russian-English Dictionary of the Mathematical Sciences

1.	The symbol -Ш refers to a zero-ending; all nouns consist of a stem plus ending, and technically all endings are vocalic. Thus, masculine nouns in the nominative, ending in a consonant, actually exhibit a zero-ending. In the genitive plural of the feminine noun сторона, the nominative singular ending -а is replaced by the zero-ending: сторон_. ↑
2.	Often when a zero-ending is required, a consonant cluster results, such as the -вк in перестановк; a vowel is inserted to break the cluster. ↑
3.	Notice that the masculine accusative singular and masculine nominative singular are identical for masculine inanimate nouns. However, masculine animate nouns in the accusative coincide with the genitive. Many mathematical terms ending in -тель, which appear to be inanimate, actually act as animate nouns. For instance, in the phrase Возьмём делитель, the direct object делитель appears in the animate accusative rather than the inanimate accusative делитель. ↑
4.	In the accusative plural, the forms of inanimate nouns of all genders coincide with those of the nominative plural, while the forms of animate nouns coincide with the genitive plural. ↑

The Adjective

The adjective in Russian may occur in both a long form and a short form. It also expresses the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. Moreover, the long-form adjective is declined; it agrees with the corresponding noun in gender, number, and case.

A.

Adjectives can be used in the attributive position, as in новая книга, "the new book," or the predicate position, as in книга новая, "the book is new." ¹ Thus, an adjective used attributively occurs next to the noun it modifies without a linking verb, while an adjective used predicatively is separated from the noun it modifies by a linking verb. In the latter case, the predicate adjective refers back to the subject of the clause, which is in fact the noun the adjective modifies. The long form of an adjective is used in either an attributive or predicative position.

The long-form adjective is declined into all six cases, and both types of adjective express the three genders in the singular, while there is no gender distinction in the plural. The difference in form between the two types of adjective is in the form of the ending; the short form exhibits a simple ending, while the long form exhibits a compound ending. ² In the above example, the short-form adjective ending is -а (simple), and the long-form ending is -ая (compound).

Adjectives may in some instances stand alone and act as nouns, although they still decline as long-form adjectives: кривая, "a curve," is a feminine noun; подынтегральный, "an integrand," is a masculine noun.

1. The long form of the adjective. The adjectives сложный, "complicated," and дуговой ³, "arc," are declined into all the cases in singular and plural, and in the three genders.

сложный вопрос → a complicated question (m.)

сложная задача → a complicated problem (f.)

сложное решение → a complicated solution (n.)

a. сложный; stem: сложн-

	Singular		Plural
	m.		f.		n.
nom.	сложный		сложная		сложное		сложные
gen.	сложного		сложной		сложного		сложных
dat.	сложному		сложной		сложному		сложным
acc.	сложный		сложную		сложное		сложные
instr.	сложным		сложной		сложным		сложными
loc.	сложном		сложной		сложном		сложных

b. дуговой; stem: дугов-