A people's tragedy

Nabokov, Vladimir, 172, 328, 345, 355, 479, 480, 501, 652n

Nagorno-Karabakh, 713 and n

Nakhichevan, 713

Napoleon: Bonapartism, 357, 410, 411, 439, 443, 455, 589, 675

Nashe slovo (Our Word), 294, 296

National Bolshevism, 699–700

National Centre, 568, 642n

Nationalism, 69–83, 372–5, 702–3; cultural, 71–5, 708, 710, 711, 716; Russian, 70, 80, 169, 246, 247, 248, 249, 412; and socialist parties, 70–1, 82–3. See also Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belorussia, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Tatar region, Ukraine

Nationalist Party, 228, 229–30, 244 and n, 246

Naval General Staff Bill, 226, 227

Navy: see Black Sea Fleet, Kronstadt Naval Base

Nechaev, Sergei, 122, 132–4 and n, 137, 146; Revolutionary Catechism, 133

Neigardt, O. B., 222

Nekrasov, Nikolai, 117, 336 and n, 344, 354, 356, 384, 390, 446, 450–1

Nemirovich-Danchenko, Vladimir, 437 and n

New Economic Policy, 613, 705, 711, 715, 742, 758, 765, 766, 769–72, 778, 789, 791–2, 806, 807, 814, 815, 816, 819; ‘Nepmen’, 771–2

New Lessner factory, 301, 302, 396, 610

Nicholas I, Tsar, 9, 56, 123

Nicholas II, Tsar, 7, 8–9, 11, 12–13, 15–24, 25, 35, 45, 54, 55, 61, 81–2, 124, 164, 165, 168, 169, 171, 172–3, 175, 176, 177, 178, 184, 185, 195, 196, 201, 203, 219, 220, 221–2, 226, 229, 231, 232, 243, 271, 273, 274, 283, 287–8, 293, 326, 360, 438, 478; abdication of (1917), 192, 221, 285, 338, 339–53, 379, 635; Alexandra’s relations with and influence on, 26–7, 229, 275, 276, 277, 278–9, 281, 284, 286, 289; assumes supreme command of army (1915), 269–70, 275, 277; autocratic rule and ideology of, 6–12, 14–15, 19–24, 165, 191–2, 226, 245–6, 259, 275–9; coronation (1896), 18; and Duma, 213–17, 275–6; early years, 16–18; February Revolution, 312, 327, 332; First World War, 249, 250–1, 252, 259–60, 275–9, 281, 284; and Jewish pogroms, 197–8; last days and murder of (1918), 242, 635–41, 642; and murder of Stolypin, 230; in 1905 Revolution, 176, 178, 186–7; October Manifesto, 191–2; and Rasputin, 28, 30, 33–4, 245, 289, 290; Repin’s portrait of, 217, 348; tercentenary celebrations (1913), 3–6, 9–12, 13

Nihilists, nihilism, 131–4

Nikitin, Alexei, 455n, 492

Nikolaev, 604–5

Nikolaevsky, Boris, 801

Nikolai Mikhailovich, Grand Duke, 289–90

Nikolai Nikolaevich, Grand Duke, 191, 249, 256, 259, 267, 269, 285, 287, 288–9, 342, 657

Nizhnyi Novgorod, 5, 84, 110, 367, 527, 600, 662, 693, 762, 818; renamed Gorkii, 821; Sormovo plant strike in, 371

Nobility, 35–6, 44, 47–50, 365–6; ‘gentry reaction’, 206–7, 227–8, 229; in rural administration, 47, 53–4; in Soviet Russia, 529–30, 605–6, 609

Nogin, V. P., 396, 397, 499, 511

Nolde, Emil, 345

North Caucasian Soviet Republic, 564

Noulens, Joseph, 421

Novaia zhizn’, Gorky’s newspaper, 393, 399, 402, 435, 436, 477, 502, 505, 511, 514–15, 518, 535–6, 606, 821; closed down, 626–7

Novgorod, 520, 596

Novo-Nikolaesvk, 577

Novocherkassk, 556, 557, 558–9, 561, 562, 565, 566

Novoe vremia, newspaper, 11, 248

Novorossiisk, 574, 679

Novouzensk, 757, 778

Obolensky, Vladimir (V. A.), 51, 193, 213, 214, 216, 218

Obukhovsky factory, 496, 514, 759

October insurrection (1917), 189, 321, 386, 409, 428, 456–7, 460–1, 462, 470–3, 474–551, 763, 815, 819

October Manifesto (1905), 191, 192, 193–4, 195, 197, 203, 209, 214, 215

Octobrist Party, 170, 193–4, 224–5, 228, 229, 244 and n, 246, 247, 273, 278, 285, 286, 302, 336, 449, 571

Odessa, 174, 184, 185, 520, 575, 646, 647, 663, 722, 750; pogrom in (1905), 197, 198

Officers’ Union, 443, 445

Okhrana, 124, 174, 210, 350, 645n, 811

Old Believers, 64 and n, 69, 227, 233, 786

Olminsky, M. S., 143, 649

Omsk, Omsk Government, 535, 577, 584, 585–8, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 657, 658–9, 675, 753

Order Number One, Soviet, 330–1, 378, 411, 414, 440, 591

Ordzhonikidze, Sergo, 297, 707, 712, 713, 715, 716, 798, 799

Orekhovo-Zuevo, 65

Orel, 463, 520, 600, 611, 662, 666, 668, 669–70, 697; prison, 124, 648

Orenburg, 157, 653, 654, 710, 755

Orphans, 780–2

Os’kin, Dmitry, xiii, 413, 601, 669, 687, 690, 725, 813, 818; command of Second Labour Army (1920), 721, 818; command of Soviet Republic’s Reserve Army, 818; death of (1934), 818; and defence of Tula in civil war, 666–8, 674; in First World War, 264–5, 268, 269, 818; joins the Red Army, 582; joins SR Party underground in Siberia, 269; leg amputated, 269; military memoirs of, 818; peasant revolt against conscription put down by, 596, 600; returns as military commissar to Tula, 589, 590, 591, 592, 595, 596, 599

Osowiec, 267

Ossetians, 714

OSVAG, 569, 696

Palchinsky, P. I., 486, 779

Paléologue, Maurice, 267, 339

Panina, Sofia, 509

Panteleev, Commissar, 592

Pares, Bernard, 22, 203, 222, 224, 246, 413, 427

Paris, 294, 323, 578, 615, 616, 652 and n, 653, 672, 765, 816

Parvus, Alexander, 211

Pasternak, Alexander, 180–1

Pasternak, Boris: Doctor Zhivago, 659; ‘1905’ (poem), 203

Paustovsky, Konstantin, 346, 369, 412

Pavel Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 343, 344

Pavlov, I. P., 606, 732–4

Peasant congresses, 366–7

Peasant Land Bank, 235, 238

Peasant Unions, 183, 184, 362, 373, 662, 786; in Antonov revolt (STKs), 754