A people's tragedy

Uexküll, Varvara, 32

Ufa, 580, 584, 619, 654, 709, 753; Ufa Conference (1918), 585

Ukraine, the,

Ukrainians, 36, 42, 59, 70–83 passim, 98n, 103, 197, 228, 229n, 270, 336, 372, 376–7, 420, 441, 503n, 506, 530, 543, 545, 546, 547, 571, 573, 575, 599, 656, 660, 661–3, 664–5, 676, 677, 679, 705–8, 753, 756, 761, 769, 776, 778, 795, 798 and n; Directory, 705, 706, 708; German occupation of, 548–9, 555, 573, 594; nationalist movement in, 73–4, 75–6, 77–9, 373 and n, 374–5, 376–8, 543, 575, 664–5, 698, 705–6, 707, 708; Polish invasion of, 697–8, 699; Soviet attempts to conquer (1918–19), 705, 706–7. See also Rada Ukrainian Socialist Revolutionaries, 71, 373, 374, 508, 549

Ul’ianov, Alexander (Lenin’s brother), 138, 144–5, 434

Ul’ianov, Vladimir: see Lenin

Ul’ianova, Anna (sister), 142, 693

Ul’ianova, Maria (sister), 145, 793, 794, 796, 797

Ungern-Sternberg, Roman, 651

Unified Labour School, 743

Union for the Defence of the Constituent Assembly, 509, 514, 517

Union for the Defence of the Fatherland and Freedom, 642n

Union of Cossacks, 443

Union of Front-Line Soldiers, 532

Union of Houseowners, 644

Union of Liberation, 167–8

Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class, 148

Union of the Militant Godless, 746

Union of the Russian People, 69, 82, 196, 227, 245, 246

Union of Towns, 271

Union of Unions, 181, 187, 189, 190

Union of Wounded Veterans, 532

United Nobility, 206, 207, 216, 220, 227–8, 287

United States, 202, 243, 244, 263, 291, 296, 574, 650; ARA in Russia, 779–80; First World War, 409, 537; Lvov pleads case for Allied intervention in, 651–2

Universities, 165, 166–7

Urals, 111, 157, 388, 577, 637, 653, 654, 656, 664, 708, 709, 774, 776

Uritsky, Mikhail, 310, 460, 494, 509, 627

Urusov, Prince Sergei, 42–5, 194, 195, 354

Uspensky, Gleb, 88

Ustrialov, Nikolai, 700

Utro Rossi, newspaper, 252, 273

Uzbekistan, 711

Vakhulin, peasant rebel leader, 756

Valentinov, Nikolai, 140–1, 143, 153, 385n

Validov, Ahmed, 708, 709

Vandervelde, Emile, 412

Vatsetis, Colonel I. I., 584, 634–5, 660n

Vekhi (Landmarks), 209

Verderevsky, Admiral D. V., 455n

Verkhovsky, General A. I., 158, 409, 455n, 539

Versailles Peace Conference/Treaty, 570, 652, 697, 702, 703

Victoria, Queen, 25, 26

Vikzhel talks, 496, 497, 498–9

Vinnichenko, Volodimir, 373n, 377, 705–6

Violence, 398–405, 520–36 passim, 774–5; growing fear of by propertied classes, 68, 206, 207, 208, 522; in peasant society, 96–8; and revolutionary crowd, 188–9, 321–2, 328, 494–5

Viren, Admiral Robert, 395

Vishniak, Mark, 372, 517–18

Vitebsk, 596, 736, 740, 749–50

Vladikavkaz, 714

Vladimir Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 15

Vladimir, 5, 348, 351, 643, 741

Vladivostok, 576, 577, 651, 652, 657, 659

Vodovozov, Vasilii, 604, 726, 727–9

Volga region, 5, 12, 76–7, 84, 95, 101, 157, 566, 567, 576–84, 594, 596, 597, 626, 652, 653, 655, 656, 661, 662, 663, 664, 689, 690, 693, 708, 711, 752–3, 758, 768, 775–7, 778

Volgograd, 805

Volnyi, Ivan, 648

Volochinsk, 419

Volodarsky, V., 460, 476, 626, 629n

Vologodsky, P. V., 584, 585

Volokolamsk district, 183, 233, 234, 238, 362, 447, 612, 787, 790–1

Voloshin, Maxim, 399

Volunteer Army, 453, 546n, 556–67 passim, 570, 572, 573, 574–5, 642n, 661, 669, 675, 676; Ice March of, 563, 564, 565, 567, 676

Voronezh, 106, 157, 463, 520, 566, 600, 619, 646, 662, 663, 670, 721, 753, 754, 790

Voroshilov, Marshal Kliment, 297, 592, 593 and n, 670, 707, 818

Votkinsk, 653

Vpered Group, Vperedists, 735–6, 743

Vyazemsky, Prince Boris, 462–3

Vyborg district, Petrograd, 300, 302, 308–9, 314, 334, 382, 384, 387, 395, 396, 397, 421, 423, 483, 494, 625

Vyborg Manifesto, 220–1 and n, 276, 277

Vyborg, 220, 470

Vyrubova, Anna, 33, 284, 682

Vyshnegradsky, I. A., 158

War Communism, 597, 612–15, 623, 625, 721–32

War Industries Committee, 274, 277, 278, 301, 336, 370

Warsaw, 60, 72n, 82, 270, 285, 293, 364, 369, 698, 700–3

Wells, H. G., 243, 606, 607, 700, 704, 789

Western Zemstvo Bill (1911), 228–9, 246

White Terror, 563–4, 656–7, 659, 665, 676–9, 717. See also Jews

Whites, White armies, 59, 293n, 350, 460, 502, 521, 530, 549, 556, 557, 558–9, 560–88, 594, 596–7, 598, 599, 600, 604, 614, 637n, 639, 642 and n, 647, 651, 652–82, 691, 698, 699, 704, 707, 709, 716–20, 756, 761, 762, 813, 816; and Allies, 573–5, 587, 651, 652, 653, 657, 661, 665, 671; and anti-Jewish pogroms, 676–9; old regime psychology and image, 559–60, 569, 570, 573, 656, 681; origins of movement, 453–4, 556–7, 558; political weaknesses, 567–73, 587–8, 654–7, 664–6, 671, 680–1, 717–19; and revenge for revolution, 556, 564, 572–3, 582; strategic errors, 566–7, 652, 660, 662–3. See also Civil war, Volunteer Army, White Terror

Wilhelm, Kaiser, 168, 284, 292, 542, 543, 544–5

Williams, Harold, 319, 368–9

Wilno/Vilnius, 267, 697; strikes (1893), 147

Wilson, President Woodrow, 574n, 651–2, 704, 816

Wilton, Robert, 319, 637n