Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress

heroic struggle as the greatest good, 30, 33, 448

progress, version of, 11. See also progress: vs. dialectics and other mystical forces, arcs, and struggles

race theory of, 398, 400

violence as glorified in, 30, 33

See also environmental movement (traditional); romantic heroism

romantic militarism, 165–6, 445

romantic nationalism, 165, 447, 448, 449–51

Romantic poetry, 433

Roma people, 399

Rome, ancient. See classical Greece and Rome

Romer, Paul, 154–5

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 419

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 63

Roosevelt, Theodore, 400

Rosenberg, Nathan, 79

Rosenberg, Robin, 282

Rosenberg, Tina, 50

Rosenthal, Bernice Glatzer, 445

Roser, Max, 52, 53, 88–9

Rose, Stephen (economist), 114

Rose, Steven (neuroscientist), 447

Rosling, Hans, 52, 53, 74, 251–2, 345

Rosling, Ola, 86

Ross, Lee, 359–60

Rotblat, Joseph, 308

Roth, Philip, 284

Roth, Randolph, 174

Rothschild, Nathan Meyer, 62

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 10, 30, 230

Rowling, J. K., 99, 100, 118

Ruddiman, William, 123

rule of law

democracy as dependent on, 335–6

establishment of, in early modern Europe, 43

integrity of, and emancipative values, 228

violent crime reductions and, 43, 168–70, 174

Rushdie, Salman, 443

Ruskin, John, 165

Russell, Bertrand, 421, 445

Russell, Stuart, 300, 477n20

Russia

as autocracy, 201, 203, 205, 335

civil war, 78

conflict with Georgia, 335

conflict with Ukraine, 158, 159, 335

Crimea annexation (2014), 164, 335

cyberattacks by, 335

democracy, undermining of, 335

famine in, 72

homicide rates in, 172, 174

homophobia in, 223

legitimacy of government, and crime wave, 174

nationalism of, 159

nuclear power and, 147, 150

nuclear weapons, 308, 315, 316–17, 318, 320–21

revolution, 78

secularization and, 436

Time of Troubles, 199, 484n77

Trump administration’s collusion with, 335

See also Cold War; nuclear war; Soviet Union

Rwanda, 69, 85, 86, 161–2

safety, 167–90, 323, 480n2

auto safety, 177–8, 190

fall prevention, 181–2

fire safety, 183

flood control, 188

gas and vapor, 183

government regulations, 177–8, 186, 187

natural disasters and, 187–9

opioid addiction, 184

Trump and, 335

in the workplace, 185–7, 187

See also accidental deaths; motor vehicles

Sagan, Carl, 308, 310

Sahel, 73

Said, Edward, 39–40

Saint-Pierre, Abbé de, 13

Sale, Kirkpatrick, 456n1

Salk, Jonas, 63–4, 65

Sanders, Bernie, 97

Sanger, Margaret, 400

sanitation, 63, 67, 331

San Pedro Sula, Honduras, 172

San people, 249, 353–4

São Paulo, Brazil, homicide rate in, 172

Sartre, Jean-Paul, 39–40, 446, 447

Saturday Night Live, 266

Satyarthi, Kailash, 232

Saudi Arabia, 209–210, 336, 419

Savulescu, Julian, 402

Scalia, Antonin, 336

Scandinavia. See Nordic countries

Schank, Roger, 477n20

Scheidel, Walter, 106–7

Schelling, Friedrich, 30

Schelling, Thomas, 480nn105,112

Schell, Jonathan, 309–310, 456n1

Schmitt, Carl, 447

Schneier, Bruce, 303, 304

Schopenhauer, Arthur, 39–40, 165

Schrag, Daniel, 151

Schumer, Amy, 434

Schwartz, Richard, 274

science

application to wealth creation, 82–3, 94–5

beauty and, 34, 260, 386, 407–8, 433–4

climate change, consensus on, 137–8, 464n45

collaboration in, 64, 409

cosmopolitan virtues of, 409

definition of, 9, 391–3

depth of achievements of, 385–7

doubt as first principle of, 390

and errors and prejudices, discrediting own, 391

heroes of, 63–4

ideals of, 27, 387–8, 390, 392–3, 409

methods of, 10, 390, 392

naïveté of scientists on policy, 390–91

national boundaries transcended by, 387–8, 409

nuclear war activism by scientists, 308–310

nuclear weapons as indictment of, 308

and political correctness, accusations of, 138

political ideology in scientists, 138, 356–8, 372

and “scientific method,” as term, 392

science, disdain for, 33–4, 387, 389–90, 395, 408–9

and bioethics, 402

as bipartisan, 388–9

cultural sophistication and, 17

faitheism and, 430

history of science and, 395–6

and Thomas Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 395, 486n21

left-wing repression, 373, 388

medical progress and, 63

right-wing politicians and, 387–8

“science studies” and, 396

Second Culture paranoia about, 389–90, 409

university general education, 400–401

See also intellectuals; scientism

—EVILS BLAMED ON SCIENCE, 388–9, 397, 400

eugenics, 388, 399–400

Holocaust, 397

nuclear weapons, 308–310

racism and imperialism, 34, 388, 397–8, 399, 486n32

Social Darwinism, 388, 398–9, 486nn36–37

Tuskegee syphilis study, 401

science of man, 10

Scientific Revolution, 8, 9–10, 24, 326

scientism, 34, 388, 389, 390, 392, 395. See also science, disdain for

Scott, James, 12

Scott, Robert, 9–10, 180–81

sea level rise, 137, 138

Second Culture (Snow), 33–4, 389–90, 456n12. See also humanities; intellectuals; Two Cultures

Second Law of Thermodynamics, 15–18

misunderstood by creationists, 19

pollution and, 123

progress and, 344

See also Entropy, Law of

secularization, 435–6, 489nn65,68

affluence and education and, 435–6

cohort effect, 437–8

and fertility of religious believers, 436, 489n70

period effect, 436–7

quality of life and, 438–9, 490n84

United States and, 436, 437–8, 439, 489n75

voter turnout and, 438