Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress

secular stagnation. See economic stagnation

security dilemma (Hobbesian trap), 164, 173, 315

Seinfeld, Jerry, 374

Selin, Ivan, 148

Semmelweis, Ignaz, 63

Sen, Amartya, 245, 248, 264, 265, 442

Senegal, 203

Sennett, Richard, 456n1

September 11, 2001, attacks

conspiracy theories about, 336, 358

high death toll of, 193, 194, 194

resilience of people and, 305–6

success of, as uncommon, 303

as theater, 196

uptick in anti-Islam hate crimes and, 219, 220

used as analogy in dystopian rhetoric, 343, 449

Serbia, 203

Serengeti wilderness park, 123

service organizations, 287, 432, 450

Seven Years’ War, 484n77

sewerage, 63, 67

sex differences

anxiety, 285

depression, 476n74

educational parity, 239–40

happiness, 284, 285

suicide rates, 278, 279

See also sexism; women

sexism, 214–15

definition of, 214

education of girls and women and, 239–40, 239

Internet searches, as index of, 217–19, 218

public opinion in the U.S., 216–17, 216

romantic heroism and, 444

See also equal rights; sex differences; women

Sex, Lies, and Videotape (film), 286

Shakespeare, William, 433

shaming campaigns, global, 222, 443

Shapiro, Scott, 163–4

sharing economy, 135

Shaw, George Bernard, 287, 341, 400, 446, 447

Shellenberger, Michael, 122, 141–2, 147

Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 295

Shermer, Michael, 455n10, 457n32, 458nn19,21, 464n45, 471n3, 472n26, 487n63, 488n34

Sheskin, Mark, 101–2

Shiite Muslims, 162

Shtulman, Andrew, 356

Shultz, George, 316, 319

Sidgwick, Henry, 487n5

Sierra Club, 465n76

Sierra Leone, 238, 238

Sikkink, Kathryn, 207

Silent Generation, 225

emancipative values and, 226

and populism, 341–2, 342

secularization and, 43

suicide and, 280

Silicon Valley, quest for immortality, 60

Silver, Nate, 339, 367

Simmel, Georg, 165

Simon, Julian, 126

Simon, Paul, 284

Simon & Garfunkel, 257

Simpson, Wallis, 270

Sinatra, Frank, 218, 265–6

Sinclair, Upton, 186

Singapore, 85, 85, 171, 207, 457n8

Singer, Isaac Bashevis, 284

Singer, Peter, 429

Sino-Japanese War, 484n77

Sirleaf, Ellen Johnson, 91

slavery

abolition of, 11

arguments defending, as corrected errors, 408–9

historical ubiquity of racism and, 397

utilitarianism and laws against, 417

smallpox, 64–5, 386

smartphones, 94–5, 257, 331

Smith, Adam

and human psychology, 8–9, 353

on market exchange, 83

on paradox of value, 82

and poverty as default human condition, 25

on real price as the trouble of acquisition, 253

and self-interest working for common good, 13

on specialization, 12–13

Smith, Lamar, 387

Smith, Logan Pearsall, 328

smoke and fire deaths, 182–3, 182

Smokey the Bear, 183

Snopes (Web site), 260

Snow, C. P.

on disdain for science, 17

on factory vs. farm work, 92–3, 446

on First and Second Cultures, 33–4, 389–90, 456n12

and nuclear disarmament, 308, 309

on science as a moral imperative, 34

Third Culture, 390, 486n13

The Two Cultures, 33–4, 389

Snow, John, 63

social capital, 235

social comparison/status anxiety, 99–100, 263

social contract, 12, 27–8, 31, 412, 413

Social Darwinism, 388, 398–9, 486nn36–37

social isolation. See social support vs. isolation

“social justice warriors,” 31, 373, 375

social media

as boon to human closeness, 256–7

and dematerialization, 135

and leisure/family time, 255, 256

and loneliness, 274, 275–7

See also Internet

social psychology, 100, 373, 407. See also cognitive biases; happiness; moral sense; psychology; racism

Social Security, 109, 251

social spending, 107–110

as compatible with capitalism, 365, 483nn39,42

Egalitarian Revolution, 107

hidden welfare state (U.S.), 115, 116, 119

increase over time, 107–8, 108, 109–110

and inexorable change, 109

pre-capitalist, 107

Reagan/Thatcher ideology against, 110

redistribution/welfare state, 108–9

as reducing inequality and poverty, 107–110, 115–16

Trump and, 334

universal basic income, 119

as universal in developed nations, 110, 115

Wagner’s Law and, 109–110

and well-being, 108, 110, 365, 483nn39,42

social support vs. isolation

constancy of, over time, 274–5, 475n46

as factor in happiness, 271

loneliness, decreasing, 275–7, 276

perception of increasing isolation, 274, 277

Socrates, 58, 59, 212, 428

Sokov, Nikolai, 316

Somalia, 65, 73

Sontag, Susan, 376–7, 447, 456n1, 484n77

soul, immaterial

vs. activity of brain, 22, 422, 427–8

hard problem of consciousness, 427, 428

mental life attributed to, 22

religions valuing, above lives, 30, 429, 433

religious wars and, 429

as testable hypothesis, 422

South Africa, 98, 172, 313, 419

South and Central America

carbon emissions of, 144

democratization and, 200, 203

drug-fueled violence in, 175

education in, 236–8, 237–8

emancipative values in, 227, 227

happiness in, 271

homicide rates and concentrations in, 172, 173–4

IQ gains in, 241

life expectancy in, 53–4, 54, 55

military juntas of, 200

personal violence, deaths from, 167

undernourishment in, 72

See alsoindividual countries

South and Southeast Asia

Communist governments in Southeast Asia, 200

education in, 236–8, 237–8

emancipative values in, 227, 227

undernourishment in, 72

South Korea

child mortality and, 56

conflict with North Korea, 158