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16 Mycorrhizal Relationships of Vanilla and Prospects for Biocontrol of Root Rots

Paul Bayman, Ana T. Mosquera-Espinosa, and Andrea Porras-Alfaro

16.1 INTRODUCTION

16.1.1 Orchids and their mycorrhizae

Mycorrhizae (from the Greek mykes = mushroom + rhiza = root) are mutualistic associations between plants and fungi. About 85% of plant species form mycorrhizae, and many plants cannot grow without them (Smith and Read 2002). The plants benefit because they receive nutrients, especially phosphorus, from the fungi; the enormous surface area of their hyphae makes fungi far better at extracting nutrients from the soil than plant roots. The fungi benefit because they receive sugars from the plants.