Как избежать климатических катастроф? План Б 4.0: спасение цивилизации

4 “Algeria aims to Export Power – Solar Power”, Associated Press . 11 August 2007; William Maclean, “Algeria Plans Solar Power Cable to Germany – Paper”, Reuters , 15 November 2007.

5 “World Electricity Installed Capacity by Type (Million Kilowatts)”, в DOE, op. cit. note 3; David O’Byrne, “Electricity Generation: Fair Winds Blow for a Clean Alternative,” Financial Times , 10 June 2008; Jan Dodd, “Strong Winds and High Prices in Turkey”, Windpower Monthly , September 2008; информация о выборе проектов и выдаче разрешений из беседы автора с Dr. Hilmi Güler, Turkish Minister of Energy and Natural Resources, 20 июня 2008.

6 Peter Janssen, “The Too Slow Flow: Why Indonesia Could Get All Its Power from Volcanoes – But Doesn’t”, Newsweek , 20 September 2004; “Geothermal Power Projects to Cost $US19.8 Bln. Official Says”, ANTARA News (Jakarta), 9 July 2008; Gita Wirjawan, “The Oil Cycle: The Wheels are Turning Again”, Jakarta Post , 12 March 2009.

7 D. L. Elliott, L. L. Wendell, and G. L. Gower, An Assessment of the Available Windy Land Area and Wind Energy Potential in the Contiguous United States (Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. 1991); Cristina L. Archer and Mark Z. Jacobson, “The Spatial and Temporal Distribution of U.S. Winds and Wind Power at 80 m Derived from Measurements”, Journal of Geophysical Research , vol. 108 (13 May 2003); данные по Китаю из C. L. Archer and M. Z. Jacobson, “Evaluation of Global Windpower”, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 110 (30 June 2005), и из Jean Hu et al., “Wind: The Future is Now”, Renewable Energy World , July-August, p. 212; расчет по Индонезии на основе потенциала в 27 000 мегаватт из Alimin Ginting, Indonesia Geothermal Association, “Geothermal Energy: Global Status, Market and Challenge for Developing in Indonesia”, presentation to the Thematic Panel Discussion of LEAD International Training Session on Leadership and Climate Change, 26 November – 1 December 2007, Jakarta-Bandung, Indonesia, и на International Energy Agency (IEA), IEA Statistics, – электронная база данных – см.: www.iea.org/Textbase/stats/index.asp, просмотрено автором 1 мая 2009 г..

8 Lester R. Brown, “The Flawed Economics of Nuclear Power”, Plan B Update (Washington DC: Earth Policy Institute, 28 October 2008).

9 International Telecommunication Union, “Key Global Telecom Indicators for the World Telecommunication Service Sector”, см.: www.itu.int/ ITU-D/ict/statistics/at_glance/KeyTelecom99.htm, материал обновлен 10 марта 2009; Molly O. Sheehan, “Mobile Phone Use Booms”, в Worldwatch Institute, Vital Signs 2002 (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2002), p. 85.

10 “Historical USA PC Sales” and “Historical Worldwide PC Sales”, tables in Computer Industry Almanac Inc., Worldwide PC Market (Arlington Heights, IL: September 2008); European Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA), Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics Until 2013 (Brussels: April 2009), pp. 3 – 4; Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC), Global Wind 2008 Report (Brussels: 2009), p. 10.

11 Archer and Jacobson, “Evaluation of Global Windpower”, op. cit. note 7; Hu et al., op. cit. note 7.

12 Elliott, Wendell, and Gower, op. cit. note 7; Archer and Jacobson, “The Spatial and Temporal Distributions of U.S. Winds”, op. cit. note 7; шельфовый потенциал из данных NREL, приведенных в U.S. Minerals Management Service, Survey of Available Data on OCS Resources and Identification of Data Gaps, Report to the Secretary, U.S. Department of the Interior (Washington, DC: April 2009), pp. 1–11 to 1–14.

13 European Wind Energy Association (EWEA), “Seas of Change: Offshore Wind Energy”, fact sheet (Brussels: February 2009); Garrad Hassan and Partners, Sea Wind Europe (London: Greenpeace, March 2004).

14 GWEC, op. cit. note 10, pp. 3, 10, 24.

15 Данные по Дании из GWEC, “Interactive WorldMap”, см.: www.gwec. net/index.php?id=126, просмотрено автором 29 мая 2009 г.; данные по Германии из GWEC, op. cit. note 10, pp. 34–35.

16 Flemming Hansen, “Denmark to Increase Wind Power to 50% by 2025, Mostly Offshore”, Renewable Energy Access , 5 December 2006.

17 GWEC, op. cit. note 10, pp. 33, 48–49.