Кто мы? Вызовы американской национальной идентичности

³⁸⁷ Washington Post Weekly Edition, 10 August 1998, p. 33; Bean et al., “Educational and Sociodemographic Incorporation”, p. 94–95. American Council on Education, Minorities in Higher Education 19^th annual report, 1999–2000, reported in Boston Globe, 23 Sept 02, p. A3; William H. Frey, “Chanticle”, Milken Institute Review, (3rd quarter, 2002), p. 7.

³⁸⁸ Census Bureau, We the American Foreign Born, p. 7.

³⁸⁹ M. Patricia Fernandez Kelly and Richard Schauffler, “Divided Fates: Immigrant Children and the New Assimilation”, in Alejandro Portes, ed., The New Second Generation (New York: The Russell Sage Foundation, 1996), p. 48.

³⁹⁰ Robert W. Fairlie and Bruce D. Meyer, “Ethnic and Racial Self-Employment Differences and Possible Explanations”, Journal of Human Resources, 31 (September 1996), p. 772–3, citing 1990 census data.

³⁹¹ U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, March 1998; Steven A. Camarota, Immigrants in the United States – 1998: A Snapshot of America’s Foreign-born Population, (Washington, D.C.: Center for Immigration Studies), p. 6, 9. Two smaller immigrant groups had poverty rates above the Mexicans: Dominicans, 38 percent, and Haitians, 34 percent.

³⁹² Borjas, Heaven’s Door, p. 110–111; Steven A. Camarota, Immigration from Mexico: Assessing the Impact on the United States (Washington: Center for Immigration Studies, July 2001), p. 55; Steven A. Camarota, Back Where We Started: An Examination of Trends in Immigrant Welfare Use Since Welfare Reform (Washington: Center for Immigration Studies, March 2003), p. 13.

³⁹³ Steinberg, The Ethnic Myth, p. 272–3.

³⁹⁴ Joel Perlmann and Roger Waldinger, “Are the Children of Today’s Immigrants Making It?” The Public Interest, 132 (Summer 1998), p. 96.

³⁹⁵ Smith, “Assimilation across the Latino Generations”, p. 317.

³⁹⁶ Rodolfo O. de la Garza, Angelo Falcon, F. Chris Garcia, and John Garcia, “Mexican Immigrants, Mexican Americans, and American Political Culture”, in Edmonston and Passel, eds., Immigration and Ethnicity p. 232–35.

³⁹⁷ Leon Bouvier, Embracing America: A Look at Which Immigrants Become Citizens, (Washington, D.C.: Center for Immigration Studies Center Paper 11), p. 14, Table 4.3.

³⁹⁸ Ibid., p. 32–33, Tables 9.2, 9.4; Washington Post Weekly Edition, 25 October 1999, p. 30–31, citing U.S. Census study; New York Times, 6 August 2003, p. A1, A14.

³⁹⁹ Gregory Rodriguez, From Newcomers to Americans: The Successful Integration of Immigrants into American Society (Washington, D.C.: National Immigration Forum, 1999), p. 22, citing Current Population Survey, June 1994.

⁴⁰⁰ Расчеты Тэмми Фрисби по данным U.S. Census Data: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Special Studies Series, P-23, No. 77, “Perspectives on American Husbands and Wives”, 1978; U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, P-20–483, “Household and Family Characteristics”, March 1994, Table 13; U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1999 (119^th edition) Washington, D.C., 1999; Gary D. Sandefur, Molly Martin, Jennifer Eggerling-Boeck, Susan E. Mannon, Ann M. Meier, “An Overview of Racial and Ethnic Demographic Trends”, in Neil J. Smelser, William Julius Wilson, Faith Mitchell, eds., America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences (Washington: National Academy Press, 2001), 1, p. 74–5; Richard Alba, “Assimilation’s Quiet Tide”, The Public Interest, 119 (Spring 1995), p. 3–18.

⁴⁰¹ William V. Flores and Rina Benmayor, Latino Cultural Citizenship: Claiming Identity, Space, and Rights (Boston: Beacon Press, 1997), p. 11, citing a study by Renato Rosaldo.

⁴⁰² Ron Unz, “The Right Way for Republicans to Handle Ethnicity in Politics”, The American Enterprise, 11 (April-May 2000), p. 35.

⁴⁰³ Ruben G. Rumbaut, “The Crucible Within: Ethnic Identity, Self-Esteem, and Segmented Assimilation Among Children of Immigrants”, in Portes, ed., The New Second Generation, p. 136–37.

⁴⁰⁴ De la Garza et al., “Mexican Immigrants, Mexican Americans, and American Political Culture”, p. 231, 241, 248.