Leningrad

7 Elliott Mossman, ed., The Correspondence of Boris Pasternak and Olga Freidenberg, 1910–1954, pp. 237–8.

8 Yelena Kozhina, Through the Burning Steppe: A Wartime Memoir, p. 145; Vera Inber, Leningrad Diary, p. 178 (12 January 1944).

9 Lev Kopelev, No Jail for Thought, pp. 6, 93, 99, 101–4, 134.

10 Vasili Churkin, letter of 2 June 1944. In Voyennaya literatura: dnevniki i pisma, http://militera. lib. ru/db/Churkin_part4, p. 13

11 Andrei Dzeniskevich, ed., Leningrad v osade: sbornik dokumentov, doc. 226, p. 562. Notes to Pages 393–402

12 See Dmitri Likhachev, Reflections on the Russian Soul: A Memoir, p. 256; Ales Adamovich and Daniil Granin, A Book of the Blockade, p. 464; and Yelizaveta Muravyeva, interviewee no. 10, European University at St Petersburg Oral History Project, ‘Blokada v sudbakh i pamyati leningradtsev’.

13 Anna Zelenova, Stati, vospominaniya, pisma: Pavlovsky dvorets, istoriya i sudba, p. 115.

14 See Catherine Scott-Clark and Adrian Levy, The Amber Room: The Fate of the World’s Greatest Lost Treasure, New York, 2004.

15 Alexander Werth, Leningrad, pp. 188–9; Harrison Salisbury, The 900 Days: The Siege of Leningrad, p. 567.

16 Vera Inber, Leningrad Diary, p. 203 (29 May 1944).

17 A. Z. Vakser, ‘Nastroyeniya leningradtsev poslevoyennogo vremeni 1945–1953 gody’, Nestor, no. 1 (5), p. 311.

18 Werth, Leningrad, pp. 125, 167. He made two visits to Leningrad, in September 1943 and February 1944. For more on the rumour that Leningrad might become the capital again, see Harrison Salisbury, Disturber of the Peace: Memoirs of a Foreign Correspondent, p. 96.

19 NKGB report of 14 March 1945, in Nikita Lomagin, Neizvestnaya blokada, vol. 2, doc. 17, p. 62.

20 ‘They Felt the Pangs of Hunger but Survived the Cruel Siege’, St Petersburg Times, 27 January 2004.

21 Lisa A. Kirschenbaum, The Legacy of the Siege of Leningrad, 1941–1995: Myth, Memories, and Monuments, p. 141.

22 Cynthia Simmons and Nina Perlina, eds, Writing the Siege of Leningrad: Women’s Diaries, Memoirs and Documentary Prose, pp. 71–4, 76.

23 Roberta Reeder, Anna Akhmatova: Poet and Prophet, pp. 289–93.

24 Solomon Volkov, St Petersburg: A Cultural History, p. 450.

25 Reeder, Anna Akhmatova, p. 293.

26 Richard Bidlack, ‘Ideological or Political Origins of the Leningrad Affair? A Response to David Brandenberger’, The Russian Review, 64/1 (January 2005), p. 94.

27 Yoram Gorlizki and Oleg Khlevniuk, Cold Peace: Stalin and the Soviet Ruling Circle, 1945–1953, Oxford, 2004, p. 86.

28 In his memoirs Khrushchev admits that he ‘may have signed the sentencing order. In those days when a case was closed — and if Stalin thought it necessary — he would sign the sentencing order at a Politburo session and then pass it round for the rest of us to sign. We would put our signatures to it without even looking at it.’ Notes to Pages 402–414

29 Simon Sebag Montefiore, Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar, p. 540.

30 For a vivid description of the Yugoslav visit and Stalin’s decline, see Milovan Djilas, Conversations with Stalin, pp. 136–53.

31 Volkov, St Petersburg, p. 454.

32 B. Kostyrchenko, Tainaya politika Stalina, Moscow, 2001, p. 234. Quoted in Donald Rayfield, Stalin and His Hangmen, p. 245.

33 Reeder, Anna Akhmatova, p. 304; Elliott Mossman, ed., The Correspondence of Boris Pasternak and Olga Freidenberg, 1910–1954, pp. 303–4.

34 Sidney Monas and Jennifer Greene Krupala, eds, The Diaries of Nikolay Punin, 1904–53, pp. 212–13, 219.

35 Likhachev, Reflections on the Russian Soul, p. 255.

Chapter 23: The Cellar of Memory

1 For an analysis of the cult of the Great Patriotic War in relation to Leningrad, see Chapter 6 of Lisa Kirschenbaum, The Legacy of the Siege of Leningrad, 1941–1995: Myth, Memories, and Monuments.