Lingwa De Planeta (Lidepla) Grammar With Examples

dumi-shem — thoughtfully, pensively

sha — suffix of doer:

milki — to milk

milki-sha — milker (person)

kapti — to catch

kapti-sha — catcher

kan — to look

kan-sha — onlooker, viewer. Compound words

In compound words the modifying word stands before the main word:

guntaim — working time

flaifish — flying fish

suryaflor — sunflower

akwagarmiser — water-heater

mauskapter — mouse trap

lernikitaba — textbook

sendijen — envoy

saltikorda — skipping-rope

The adjective suffix -e may be dropped:

garibjen — stranger (garibe jen)

platbota — flat-boat (plate bota) Shortenings for words with -ney, -nem, -shem

For nouns ending in Ca (where C is a consonant) one may shorten Ca-ney => Ce and Ca-nem => Cem, for example:

farka-ney => farke

farka-nem => farkem

But if "ney" expresses the genitive, shortening may not be done: mata-ney kitaba (not "mate kitaba").

For polysyllabic i-verbs one may shorten Ci-ney => Cen and Ci-nem => Cem, for example:

ofensi-ney => ofensen

ofensi-nem => ofensem

If no ambiguity arises, one may also shorten Ci-shem => Cem:

ahfi-shem => ahfem

The short forms are given in the dictionary in brackets after the full forms. Endearment forms

Endearment forms of names may be constructed by shortening and adding -i:

Robert => Robi

Dimitri => Dimi

Attilio => Ati

Oxana => Oxi

Natalia => Nati

Other cases:

mama => mami — mummy

doga => dogi — doggie

yunkota => yunkoti — kitty

These endearment forms differ from the forms with particle -ki, as the latters may express not only endearment but also diminution:

doga-ki may mean any little dog while dogi means the pet dog. The list of productive affixes Hyphenated prefixes

ek- — denotes that something is done only one time or rather suddenly (from Hindi "ek" one):

tuki — to knock

ek-tuki — to give a knock

krai — to cry

ek-krai — to cry out

en- — denotes the beginning of action:

en-somni — to fall asleep

en-stan — to stand up

fa- — conveys the meaning "to get, to become":

gran — big

fa-gran — to increase

hao — good

fa-hao — to improve, become better

fuy- — the prefix of disgust, repugnance:

fuy-jen — a nasty person

gin- — feminine prefix:

gin-yan — ewe

gin-leker — female doctor

gin-doga — bitch

Synonymous with the suffix -ina.

gro- — augmentative/intensifying particle:

kitaba — a book

gro-kitaba — volume, folio

hao — good

gro-hao — great, excellent

haf- — half:

haf-dey — half a day

haf-ora — half an hour

ko- — joint action or being:

ko-exista — co-existence

ko-senti — to feel with

ko-jen — companion, helpmate

mah- — causative prefix meaning "to make, to bring into a condition":

hao — good

mah-hao — to improve, make better

jal — to burn, be burning

mah-jal — to burn (something)

man- — masculine prefix:

man-yan — ram

man-leker — male doctor

man-doga — male dog

Synonymous with the suffix -o.

pro- — pro:

pro-guverna-ney sirkula — pro-government circles

pro-westa-ney stata — a pro-Western state

swa- — self- (directed at oneself):

swa-luba — self-love

swa-kontrola — self-control

shma- — disparaging prefix:

shma-kaval — nag

shma-dom — shack

stif- — "step":

stif-mata — stepmother

stif-patra — stepfather Prefixes

bu — negation:

gran — big

bugran — not big, not great

komparibile — comparable

bukomparibile — incomparable

de(s) — opposite action ("des" if before a vowel):

desharji — discharge

desorganisi — disorganize

dus — "bad, mal-, ill-":

fauha — smell

dusfauha — fetor, stench

trati — to treat

dustrati — to maltreat

dusfama-ney — ill-famed

dustaim — bad times

kontra — counter-:

kontratoxin — antidote

mis — incorrectly, wrongly:

misyusi — to misuse

miskalkuli — to miscalculate

no — makes antonyms:

juste — just

nojuste — unjust

pinchan — ordinary

nopinchan — extraordinary

pra — means:

1) remote kinship:

praopa — great-grandfather

prajanmer — forebear

2) primordiality, antiquity:

pralingwa — parent language

prajen — ancestor, forefather

pre — precedence, pre-, fore-:

previdi — to foresee

pre-existi — to preexist

prenam — forename

preyeri — the day before yesterday

pregoer — predecessor

prejuda — prejudice

ras — separation, division, or dispersion:

muvi — to move

rasmuvi — to move apart

dai — to give

rasdai — to distribute, give to several people

sendi — to send

rassendi — to send out/round

lwo — to fall

raslwo — to fall to pieces

ri — again, anew:

riapari — to reappear

rizwo — to redo

sin — -less:

sinsensu-ney — senseless

sinvalor-ney — of no value

tra — through(out):

tralekti — to read through (from begining to end)

tranochi — to spend the night

yun — with names of animals means young animal:

doga — dog

yundoga — pup

kota — cat

yunkota — kitten Suffixes

bile — "-able, -ible":

samaji — understand

samajibile — understandable

vidi — see

vidibile — visible

chi — to eat

chibile — eatable

dan — denotes container:

chaydan — teapot

nayudan — butterdish

milkadan — milk-can

em — adverb suffix:

klare — clear

klarem — clearly

er — "doer or tool":

plei — play

pleier — player (person or device)

fen — forms fractions:

un (de) trifen — one third