Почему тело дает сбой. Как ежедневные привычки могут незаметно нас убивать

снижают способность жировых клеток усваивать жирные кислоты.: Rizzetto et al., “Connecting the Immune System”. 187 induce Tregs: Herbert Tilg and Alexander R. Moschen, “Food, Immunity, and the Microbiome”, Gastroenterology 148, no. 6 (May 2015); James L. Richards et al., “Dietary Metabolites and the Gut Microbiota: An Alternative Approach to Control Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases”, Clinical & Translational Immunology 5, no. 5 (May 2016).

Они помогают разводить спокойные макрофаги: См., например: Shuai Wang et al., “Functions of Macrophages in the Maintenance of Intestinal Homeostasis”, Journal of Immunology Research 2019 (March 2019); Na et al., “Macrophages in Intestinal Inflammation and Resolution”; Song and Chan, “Environmental Factors, Gut Microbiota”; Hideo Ohira, Wao Tsutsui, and Yoshio Fujioka, “Are Short Chain Fatty Acids in Gut Microbiota Defensive Players for Inflammation and Atherosclerosis?”, Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 24, no. 7 (2017).

Они проникают через плаценту: Yu Anne Yap and Eliana Mariño, “An Insight into the Intestinal Web of Mucosal Immunity, Microbiota, and Diet in Inflammation”, Frontiers in Immunology 9 (2018).

негативное влияние на иммунные клетки и воспаление в кишечнике: Huawei Zeng et al., “Secondary Bile Acids and Short Chain Fatty Acids in the Colon: A Focus on Colonic Microbiome, Cell Proliferation, Inflammation, and Cancer”, International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 5 (2019).

коррелирует с размером атеросклеротических бляшек: J. E. Park et al., “Differential Effect of Short-Term Popular Diets on TMAO and Other Cardio-Metabolic Risk Markers”, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases 29, no. 5 (May 1, 2019).

перерабатывали главным образом растительную пищу: Joanna E. Lambert, “Primate Nutritional Ecology: Feeding Biology and Diet at Ecological and Evolutionary Scales”, in Primates in Perspective, ed. Christina Campbell et al. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010); Joanna E. Lambert, “Primate Digestion: Interactions among Anatomy, Physiology, and Feeding Ecology”, Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 7, no. 1 (Jan. 1, 1998).

однако питались главным образом листьями: Peter S. Ungar, Evolution of the Human Diet: The Known, the Unknown, and the Unknowable, Human Evolution Series (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007); Lisa Ringhofer, Fishing, Foraging and Farming in the Bolivian Amazon: On a Local Society in Transition (Dordrecht: Springer, 2010).

также питались в основном растительной пищей: Ringhofer, Fishing, Foraging and Farming; H. J. Challa, M. Bandlamudi, and K. R. Uppaluri, “Paleolithic Diet”, in Statpearls (2021).

на окаменелых зубных камнях людей: Jessica Hendy et al., “Proteomic Evidence of Dietary Sources in Ancient Dental Calculus”, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1883 (July 25, 2018).

в меньшей степени способствует воспалению: Fatemeh Arya et al., “Differences in Postprandial Inflammatory Responses to a ‘Modern’ V. Traditional Meat Meal: A Preliminary Study”, British Journal of Nutrition 104, no. 5 (Sept. 2010).

Особую опасность представляют диеты: Shivam Joshi, Robert J. Ostfeld, and Michelle McMacken, “The Ketogenic Diet for Obesity and Diabetes – Enthusiasm Outpaces Evidence”, JAMA Internal Medicine 179, no. 9 (2019); Steven R. Smith, “A Look at the Low-Carbohydrate Diet”, New England Journal of Medicine 361 (Dec. 3, 2009); Ilana M. Bank et al., “Sudden Cardiac Death in Association with the Ketogenic Diet”, Pediatric Neurology 39, no. 6 (Dec. 1, 2008); Beth Zupec-Kania and Mary L. Zupanc, “Long-Term Management of the Ketogenic Diet: Seizure Monitoring, Nutrition, and Supplementation”, Epilepsia 49, Suppl. 8 (Nov. 2008).

связаны с повышенным риском воспалительной болезни кишечника: Jason K. Hou, Bincy Abraham, and Hashem ElSerag, “Dietary Intake and Risk of Developing Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review of the Literature”, American Journal of Gastroenterology 106, no. 4 (April 2011).

в то время как потребление клетчатки: Mitsuro Chiba et al., “Lifestyle-Related Disease in Crohn’s Disease: Relapse Prevention by a Semi-Vegetarian Diet”, World Journal of Gastroenterology 16, no. 20 (2010); Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan et al., “A Prospective Study of Long-Term Intake of Dietary Fiber and Risk of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis”, Gastroenterology 145, no. 5 (Nov. 2013).

В тонком кишечнике: Carol L. Roberts et al., “Translocation of Crohn’s Disease Escherichia Coli across M – Cells: Contrasting Effects of Soluble Plant Fibres and Emulsifiers”, Gut 59, no. 10 (Oct. 2010); Isobel Franks, “Crohn’s Disease: Soluble Plant Fibers May Protect against E. Coli Translocation”, Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology 7, no. 12 (Dec. 2010).

Глава 12. Страна ферм