Stalin

Comintern (Communist International), 119, 121, 143, 168, 171, 313, 328, 675, 909

Chiang’s capture condemned by, 362

China policy of, 321, 330

Dimitrov appointed general secretary of, 262–63

German-Japanese pact against, 355–56

German-Soviet Pact as blow to, 670–71

mass arrests in, 446–47

7th Congress of, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263

6th Congress of, 19–20

Social Democrats and, 171, 173, 175, 189

Spanish civil war and, 320, 460

tenth plenum of, 19–20

“united front” policy of, 259, 262, 277, 299, 320, 330, 359, 362, 367

commissariats, 908

see also specific commissariats

Communism:

British fear of, 590, 591

conspiratorial worldview of, 5–6, 308, 378, 422, 429, 439, 447, 483, 490

as enabler of terror, 307–8

German-Soviet Pact as betrayal of, 670–72

lofty vision of, 6, 7

mass violence justified by, 6–7

as revolt against Social Democracy, 19

Communist International, The, 344

Communist Manifesto, The (Marx and Engels), 573

Communist Party, Austrian, 222

Communist Party, British, 222, 446

Communist Party, Bulgarian, 813–14

Communist Party, Chinese, 121, 262, 277, 330, 374, 446, 793

in civil war with Nationalists, 262, 277, 321, 359–60, 367, 805

as dependent on Soviet weapons and supplies, 366

in Long March, 262, 277, 321, 471

Nationalist massacre of, 30

ordered to release Chiang, 363–64

Soviet aid requested by, 321, 744

Stalin’s orders to, 371, 813

Trotskyites in, 371

in united front with Nationalists, 29–30, 362, 364, 379, 458, 459, 470

Communist Party, Czechoslovak, 20, 121, 446

Communist Party, Finnish, 713, 723

Communist Party, French, 121, 251, 261, 298, 328, 329, 446

Communist Party, German, 19, 53, 86, 118, 119, 121, 143, 220, 259, 307, 401, 446

Communist Party, Lithuanian, 770–71

Communist Party, Polish, 446

Communist Party, Spanish, 320, 321–22, 329, 335, 338, 364, 400, 408, 670

in attacks on leftist groups, 364

possibility of coup by, 401, 405, 406

Communist Party, Ukraine, 102

Communist Party, U.S., 145, 146, 446

Communist Party, USSR:

all aspects of society controlled by, 73, 697, 907

arrests of, 434, 438–39, 443–44, 475

conferences of, 907

congresses of, 907

18th Congress of, 601–5, 606–9, 610, 624, 698, 839–40, 862

infighting in, 48–49, 57

mass expulsions from, 278

Nazi Party, USSR compared with, 697

party card verification campaign in, 253, 278, 294, 348, 443

purges of, 43, 112, 114, 117, 124, 126, 438-39, 443, 475

reinstatement of expelled members of, 475

rightists in, see rightists

secret department of, see Stalin, Iosif, dictatorship of

17th conference of, 91

16th Congress of, 17, 43–46, 160, 355

Stalin as general secretary of, xi–xii, 10, 863, 907–8

Stalin’s micromanagement of, xii

Communist Party, USSR, apparatus of, 907

dysfunction in, 430, 440–42, 705

Kaganovich as head of, 325, 518–19

mass arrests in, 307, 442–45, 520

regional mass arrests in, 434, 443–44, 518, 551, 603

Communist Party, USSR, 17th Congress of, 155–56, 159–60, 168, 190, 206, 355, 358, 517

Bukharin at, 156

Kamenev at, 156

Kirov at, 160

Stalin’s keynote speech at, 156–57

Stalin’s report to, 159, 160

Communist Party, Yugoslav, 849

Communist Youth League, 10th Congress of, 289–90

Congress, U.S., repayment of pre-Soviet Russia debt demanded by, 16

Congress of Soviets, 297, 908

7th, 223

Supreme Soviet as replacement for, 354, 471

Congress of Soviets, 8th, 355, 356, 359, 505

Stalin’s speech at, 352, 353, 354, 355, 372, 483

Conquest, Robert, 306

conspiracies, imagined and trumped-up:

Stalin’s obsession with, 54, 113, 313, 332–33, 377, 469–70, 475

as tool of Stalin dictatorship, 306, 428

see alsospecific conspiracies

constitution, Soviet (1924), 105, 352

constitution, Soviet (1936), 352, 353–54, 370, 546

consumer goods:

access to, 208, 268

shortages of, 781, 856

“Corsican,” see Harnack, Arvid

Coulondre, Robert, 481, 530, 631, 638, 677

Council of People’s Commissars, 10, 29, 53, 55, 82, 84, 283, 286, 344, 354, 462, 542, 757, 831, 832, 865, 908

“bureau” of, 843

Molotov replaced by Stalin as head of, 863

Rykov replaced by Molotov as head of, 65

Stalin’s decimation of, 445

Course on Political Economy, A (Bogdanov), 691

Course of Russian History (Klyuchevsky), 493

Coyoacán, Mexico, 612

Crash of the German Occupation in Ukraine, 342

Creditanstalt, failure of, 79

Crete, German capture of, 905

Crimea, grain procurement in, 128

Cripps, Stafford, 810–11, 836, 890, 903

in British-Soviet talks, 775–76, 778–79, 796, 802

German invasion of USSR predicted by, 850, 884

and Hess’s flight to Britain, 868

possibility of British-German peace suggested by, 851

in recall to London, 877, 880, 884

Stalin’s meeting with, 777

Croatia, 889

culture, Soviet, 908–9

anti-”formalist” campaign in, 284

censors and, 282

class struggles and, 132

proletarianism, 132–33

socialist realism in, 183–84

Stalin’s engagement with, 132–33, 148, 153, 186–87, 248, 282–83, 298, 594, 789–90, 795, 853

Stalin’s mass arrests in, 434

Stalin’s opposition to rigid ideology in, 133, 148–49, 152

see also literature; music; painting

Czechoslovakia, 61–62, 340, 557, 558