Stalin

“Everything Higher: Aviation March” (song), 186

Face of the Day, The (Wasilewska), 789

Fadeyev, Alexander, 151, 153, 424, 437, 512–13, 789

Fall of Paris, The (Ehrenburg), 858

famine of 1891–92, 127

famine of 1921–23, 129

famine of 1931–33, 81, 87–88, 106–7, 112–13, 135, 169, 302

cannibalism in, 122

collectivization and dekulakization as causes of, 128–29

crowd seizures of grain warehouses in, 94

death and disease in, 122, 124, 127, 129

end of, 305

flight from collectives in, 41, 75, 76, 93, 99, 101, 106, 117

household gardens in, 125–26

1933 harvest in, 130

official explanations of, 128–29

OGPU and, 122, 129–30

policy concessions in, 95–98, 99, 100

politburo relief measures for, 123

rationing in, 72, 76, 85, 93–94, 98

reported theft of grain in, 101–2

Stalin’s blaming of peasants for, 128, 129

workers’ strikes and, 95

Farinacci, Roberto, 398–99

fascism, 156, 302

Italian, 19

popular front struggle against, 370

Stalin on, 157, 287

Fear (Afinogenov), 152

Fedotov, Pyotr, 873–74

Feldman, Boris, 412, 423–24

Ferdinand, Franz, archduke of Austria, 88, 558

Feuchtwanger, Lion, 363

on 1937 Trotskyite trial, 371

Stalin’s meetings with, 368–70, 416–17

fifth column:

in lead-up to German invasion of USSR, 774–75

Mola’s coining of term, 351

Nazi recruiting of, 891

as rationale for mass arrests, 428–29

fighters:

British, 782–83

German, 351, 407, 755–56, 783

Soviet, 78, 346, 351, 567, 668, 756, 820, 839

film industry, Soviet, 192

budget of, 193

musical comedies in, 215–16

newsreels in, 215

proposed Cinema City in, 285–86

Stalin’s involvement in, 193, 215–16, 217–18

films, Stalin’s private screenings of, 192–93, 210

Filov, Bogdan, 812, 813

Finance Capital (Hilferding), 760

Finland, 17, 89, 485, 596, 664, 702, 703, 889

British relations with, 708, 709

German alliance with, 748

German relations with, 703–4, 709, 713, 717

mobilization of, 710, 712, 713, 714, 879, 894

neutrality of, 712

“People’s Government” of, 724–25, 729, 730

pro-German sentiment in, 647

Soviet desire for base in, 710, 711, 716

Soviet invasion of, see Winter War

Soviet negotiations with, 705–7, 708–9, 710, 713–14, 715–20, 721

Soviet nonaggression pact with, 93, 703, 722

Soviet relations with, 722–23

Stalin’s fear of invasion from, 27, 50, 703, 704, 707–8, 712

Stalin’s territorial demands on, 710–15, 716, 718, 719, 746

standing army of, 112

Swedish relations with, 711, 717

territory ceded to USSR by, 747–48

Wehrmacht in, 792, 808, 813, 829

Finland, Gulf of, 702, 707, 711, 714, 716, 725, 740

Finnish intelligence, 721–22

Finns, in USSR, 476

Firin-Pupko, Semyon, 413

First Blow, The (Shpanov), 581, 699

First Cavalry Army, The (film), 690

Fischer, Louis, 339, 380

Fitin, Pavel, 627, 804, 836–37, 845, 852, 878, 879, 883–84

Five-Year Plans, 892

first (1928–32), 17, 20–21, 28, 43, 48, 70, 75, 126, 129, 131, 132, 606

second, 115, 132, 159, 190, 402, 606

shortfalls in, 781

third, 402–3, 606–7, 804–5

Flight (Bulgakov), 148

Fomin, Fyodor, 202, 204, 207, 208, 220

food commissariat, arrests in, 405

food rationing, 72, 76, 85, 93–94, 95, 98, 128

end of, 197, 235, 268, 305

food shortages, 16, 41, 404–5

forced labor, Gulag complexes for, see Gulag

Ford, Henry, 71

Ford Motor Company, 32

foreign affairs commissariat, 624

arrests in, 447, 495–96, 582, 625

arrest and torture of Litvinovites in, 626–27

Litvinov’s dismissal from, 625, 632

Molotov as head of, 625

removal of Jews from, 628

Foreign Legion, Spanish, 316

foreign policy, Stalin’s micromanaging of, 624–25

forestry commissariat, arrests in, 405

“former people,” 61, 74–75, 148, 177, 229, 236, 352, 383

Fourth International, 610, 787

France, 317, 340

accused of anti-Soviet plotting, 61–62

avoidance of new war as policy of, 556, 559, 563, 566, 568, 592

British relations with, 242, 298, 592, 612

Czech alliance with, 251–52, 299, 558, 559, 560, 561, 563, 565, 567, 568, 592, 612

in declaration of war on Germany, 679

German occupation of, 760–61, 765–66, 767, 769, 773, 826, 827, 861, 889

German relations with, 272, 357, 374

and German remilitarization of Rhineland, 288, 592

Germany viewed as threat by, 238, 298, 591–92

Hitler’s view of, as main enemy, 474

in minimal response to German invasion of Poland, 679–80

Munich Pact and, 565–66

in negotiations for Soviet alliance, 173, 188–89, 191, 246

Polish alliance with, 158, 592, 597, 612, 634, 677, 680

Polish independence guaranteed by, 676

political upheaval in, 559

Popular Front government of, 328, 357

and possible Japanese-Soviet war, 89

proposed pact between Britain and, 251

Soviet military talks with, 656–58, 661

Soviet mutual assistance pact with, 248, 249, 255, 266, 272, 275–76, 288, 298, 299, 357, 560, 561, 592, 601, 624, 649

Soviet nonaggression pact with, 93, 146, 251

Soviet relations with, 146, 318–19, 320, 341, 582, 593, 637

Spanish civil war nonintervention policy of, 317

Stalin’s distrust of, 762

Stalin’s gamble on fighting capabilities of, 668–69

Triple Alliance proposal and, 621, 638, 639, 649, 653, 810

France, Vichy, 766, 798, 889

Franco, Francisco, 343, 350, 556, 582, 889

civil war victory of, 615