Stalin: A Biography

18. See the picture of her with her sister Anna and brother-in-law Stanisław Redens: RGASPI, f. 558, op. 2, d. 193.

19. For the marriage see below, pp. 230–1.

20. K. E. Voroshilov na Tsaritsynskom fronte. Sbornik dokumentov, p. 64.

21. Bol’shevistskoe rukovodstvo. Perepiska, 1912–1927, p. 52.

22. See report of V. P. Antonov-Ovseenko to Lenin: ibid., p. 60.

23. Pravda, 20 September 1963.

24. J. Davrichewy, Ah! Ce qu’on rigolait bien, p. 221.

25. ITsKKPSS, no. 11 (1989), p. 163.

26. Ibid., p. 169.

27. R. Service, Lenin: A Political Life, vol. 3, pp. 79–81.

28. K. Voroshilov, Stalin i Krasnaya Armiya, p. 104.

29. ITsKKPSS, no. 11 (1989), p. 157.

30. Ibid., pp. 161–2.

31. Bol’shevistskoe rukovodstvo. Perepiska, 1912–1927, p. 51.

32. ITsKKPSS, no. 6 (1989), p. 146 and no. 12 (1989), pp. 169–70; G. Leggett, The Cheka, pp. 162–3.

33. Stalin’s copy of N. Lenin, Gosudarstvo i revolyutsiya (Petrograd, 1919), inside flap: RGASPI, f. 558, op. 3, d. 156.

34. Ibid., p. 28.

35. Ibid., inside flap.

36. The Trotsky Papers, 1917–1922, vol. 1.

37. V. Alliluev, Khronika odnoi sem’i: Alliluevy. Stalin, p. 9.

38. See below, pp. 178–9.

39. RGASPI, f. 558, op. 1, d. 627, p. 1.

40. Ibid.

41. S. V. Lipitskii, ‘Stalin v grazhdanskoi voine’, p. 98.

42. See R. Service, The Bolshevik Party in Revolution, pp. 101–2 and 123–5.

16. The Polish Corridor

1. V. I. Lenin, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, vol. 50, p. 186.

2. Ibid., pp. 285–6. See also the remarks by Béla Kun quoted from archives in V. M. Kholodkovskii, ‘V. I. Lenin i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya novogo tipa’, p. 88.

3. See Lenin’s speech to the Ninth Party Conference, RGASPI, f. 44, op. 1, d. 5, pp. 11–18, 20–1, 27–8; and his memoranda quoted in Izvestiya, 27 April 1992.

4. RGASPI, f. 17, op. 3, d. 15, item 3 and d. 103, item 8.

5. ITsKKPSS, no. 2 (1990), p. 158.

6. V. I. Lenin, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, vol. 51, p. 240.

7. ITsKKPSS, no. 1 (1991), pp. 119–22.

8. RGASPI, f. 17, op. 3, d. 96, item 2.

9. Ibid., f. 558, op. 1, d. 4200, p. 1.

10. R. Service, Lenin: A Political Life, vol. 3, p. 120.

11. I. V. Stalin, Sochineniya, vol. 4, pp. 332–3.

12. Bol’shevistskoe rukovodstvo. Perepiska, 1912–1927, pp. 149–50: telegrams to Lenin and Trotski.

13. See R. Service, Lenin: A Biography, pp. 406–8.

14. Bol’shevistskoe rukovodstvo. Perepiska, 1912–1927, p. 110.

15. K. E. Voroshilov, Stalin i Vooruzhënnye Sily SSSR, p. 23.

16. Istoriya SSSR, vol. 3, book 2, p. 364.

17. RGASPI, f. 558, d. 1470, p. 1.

18. V. I. Lenin, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, vol. 51, pp. 237–8.

19. Bol’shevistskoe rukovodstvo. Perepiska, 1912–1927, p. 142.

20. Ibid., p. 143.

21. Ibid., pp. 147 and 150.

22. Ibid., p. 150.

23. Ibid., pp. 150–1.

24. Ibid., pp. 151–2.

25. Speech by Stalin to the Twelfth Party Congress section on the national question, 25 April 1923: ITsKKPSS, no. 4 (1991), p. 171.

26. Ibid.

27. See N. Davies, White Eagle, Red Star, p. 200.

28. See the assessment by Norman Davies (shared with Piłsudski) in ibid., pp. 208–10.

29. S. M. Budënnyi, Proidënnyi put’, vol. 2, p. 304.

30. See N. Davies, White Eagle, Red Star, pp. 213–14.

31. S. M. Budënnyi, Proidënnyi put’, vol. 2, pp. 310–11.

32. Ibid., p. 303.

33. See N. Davies, White Eagle, Red Star, pp. 218–19.

34. RGASPI, f. 17, op. 3, d. 103, item 1a.

35. Ibid., item 5.

36. See above, pp. 172–3.

37. Thus he attended the Politburo on 25 and 26 August, 6, 14, and 15 September 1920: RGASPI, f. 17, op. 3, d. 104–9.

38. Ibid., d. 106, item 19.

39. Ibid., item 10.

40. Ibid., d. 107, item 2; d. 108, item 1.

41. Ibid., d. 108, item 9.

42. Ibid., f. 44, op. 1, d. 5, pp. 33, 35 and 36.

43. Devyataya Konferentsiya RKP(b), p. 26.

44. Ibid., p. 79.

45. C. Zetkin, Erinnerungen an Lenin (Vienna, 1929), pp. 20–1; I. V. Stalin, Sochineniya, vol. 4, pp. 323–4 and 333.

46. Devyataya Konferentsiya RKP(b), p. 82.

47. This is essentially what Trotski did at the Tenth Party Congress at the end of the ‘trade union discussion’ and indeed what Lenin pre-emptively sought to do at the Ninth Party Congress.

48. See above, p. 170.

49. Birthday speech for Lenin: Pravda, 24 April 1920.