Тело помнит все. Какую роль психологическая травма играет в жизни человека и какие техники помогают ее преодолеть

12. Медиальная префронтальная кора расположена в средней части мозга (нейробиологи называют ее «срединными структурами»). Этот участок состоит из взаимосвязанных структур: орбито-префронтальной коры, нижней и дорсальной медиальной префронтальной коры и крупной структуры под названием передняя поясная кора. Все они задействованы в отслеживании внутреннего состояния организма и выборе подходящей реакции. См., например: D. Diorio, V. Viau, and M. J. Meaney, “The Role of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex (Cingulate Gyrus) in the Regulation of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Responses to Stress”, Journal of Neuroscience 13, no. 9 (September 1993): 3839–47; J. P. Mitchell, M. R. Banaji, and C. N. Macrae, “The Link Between Social Cognition and Self-Referential Tought in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex”, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17, no. 8 (2005): 1306–15; A. D’Argembeau, et al., “Valuing One’s Self: Medial Prefrontal Involvement in Epistemic and Emotive Investments in Self-Views”, Cerebral Cortex 22 (March 2012): 659–67; M. A. Morgan, L. M. Romanski, J. E. LeDoux, “Extinction of Emotional Learning: Contribution of Medial Prefrontal Cortex”, Neuroscience Letters 163 (1993): 109–13; L. M. Shin, S. L. Rauch, and R. K. Pitman, “Amygdala, Medial Prefrontal Cortex, and Hippocampal Function in PTSD”, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1071, no. 1 (2006): 67–79; L. M. Williams, et al., “Trauma Modulates Amygdala and Medial Prefrontal Responses to Consciously Attended Fear”, NeuroImage 29, no. 2 (2006): 347–57; M. Koenig and J. Grafman, “Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: The Role of Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala”, Neuroscientist 15, no. 5 (2009): 540–48; and M. R. Milad, I. Vidal-Gonzalez, and G. J. Quirk, “Electrical Stimulation of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Reduces Conditioned Fear in a Temporally Specifc Manner”, Behavioral Neuroscience 118, no. 2 (2004): 389.

13. B. A. van der Kolk, “Clinical Implications of Neuroscience Research in PTSD”, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1071 (2006): 277–93.

14. P. D. MacLean, The Triune Brain in Evolution: Role in Paleocerebral Functions (New York, Springer, 1990).

15. Ute Lawrence, The Power of Trauma: Conquering Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, iUniverse, 2009.

16. Rita Carter and Christopher D. Frith, Mapping the Mind (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998). См. также: A. Bechara, et al., “Insensitivity to Future Consequences Following Damage to Human Prefrontal Cortex”, Cognition 50, no. 1 (1994): 7–15; A. Pascual-Leone, et al., “The Role of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Implicit Procedural Learning”, Experimental Brain Research 107, no. 3 (1996): 479–85; and S. C. Rao, G. Rainer, and E. K. Miller, “Integration of What and Where in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex”, Science 276, no. 5313 (1997): 821–24.

17. H. S. Duggal, “New-Onset PTSD After Talamic Infarct”, American Journal of Psychiatry 159, no. 12 (2002): 2113-a. См. также: R. A. Lanius, et al., “Neural Correlates of Traumatic Memories in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Functional MRI Investigation”, American Journal of Psychiatry 158, no. 11 (2001): 1920–22; and I. Liberzon, et al., “Alteration of Corticothalamic Perfusion Ratios During a PTSD Flashback”, Depression and Anxiety 4, no. 3 (1996): 146–50.

18. R. Noyes Jr. and R. Kletti, “Depersonalization in Response to Life-Threatening Danger”, Comprehensive Psychiatry 18, no. 4 (1977): 375–84. См. также: M. Sierra, and G. E. Berrios, “Depersonalization: Neurobiological Perspectives”, Biological Psychiatry 44, no. 9 (1998): 898–908.

19. D. Church, et al., “Single-Session Reduction of the Intensity of Traumatic Memories in Abused Adolescents After EFT: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study”, Traumatology 18, no. 3 (2012): 73–79; and D. Feinstein and D. Church, “Modulating Gene Expression Trough Psychotherapy: The Contribution of Noninvasive Somatic Interventions”, Review of General Psychology 14, no. 4 (2010): 283–95. См. также: www.vetcases.com.

Глава 5. Связи между мозгом и телом

1. C. Darwin, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (London: Oxford University Press, 1998).

2. Там же, стр. 71.

3. Там же.

4. Там же, стр. 71–72.