Тело помнит все. Какую роль психологическая травма играет в жизни человека и какие техники помогают ее преодолеть

8. R. Cartwright, et al., “REM Sleep Reduction, Mood Regulation and Remission in Untreated Depression”, Psychiatry Research 121, no. 2 (2003): 159–67. См. также: R. Cartwright, et al., “Role of REM Sleep and Dream Affect in Overnight Mood Regulation: A Study of Normal Volunteers”, Psychiatry Research 81, no. 1 (1998): 1–8.

9. R. Greenberg, C. A. Pearlman, and D. Gampel, “War Neuroses and the Adaptive Function of REM Sleep”, British Journal of Medical Psychology 45, no. 1 (1972): 27–33. Рамон Гринберг и Честер Перлмен, равно как и наша лаборатория, обнаружили, что травмированные ветераны просыпаются, как только у них начинается БДГ-сон. В то время как многие травмированные люди пьют спиртное, чтобы уснуть, они лишают себя пользы сновидений (интеграция и трансформация воспоминаний), что мешает исцелению от ПТСР.

10. B. van der Kolk, et al., “Nightmares and Trauma: A Comparison of Nightmares After Combat with Lifelong Nightmares in Veterans”, American Journal of Psychiatry 141, no. 2 (1984): 187–90.

11. N. Breslau, et al., “Sleep Disturbance and Psychiatric Disorders: A Longitudinal Epidemiological Study of Young Adults”, Biological Psychiatry 39, no. 6 (1996): 411–18.

12. R. Stickgold, et al., “Sleep-Induced Changes in Associative Memory”, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 11, no. 2 (1999): 182–93. См. также: R. Stickgold, “Of Sleep, Memories and Trauma”, Nature Neuroscience 10, no. 5 (2007): 540–42; and B. Rasch, et al., “Odor Cues During Slow-Wave Sleep Prompt Declarative Memory Consolidation”, Science 315, no. 5817 (2007): 1426–29.

13. E. J. Wamsley, et al., “Dreaming of a Learning Task Is Associated with Enhanced Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation”, Current Biology 20, no. 9 (May 11, 2010): 850–55.

14. R. Stickgold, “Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation”, Nature 437 (2005): 1272–78.

15. R. Stickgold, et al., “Sleep-Induced Changes in Associative Memory”, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 11, no. 2 (1999): 182–93.

16. J. Williams, et al., “Bizarreness in Dreams and Fantasies: Implications for the Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis”, Consciousness and Cognition 1, no. 2 (1992): 172–85. См. также: Stickgold, et al., “Sleep – Induced Changes in Associative Memory”.

17. M. P. Walker, et al., “Cognitive Flexibility Across the Sleep-Wake Cycle: REM-Sleep Enhancement of Anagram Problem Solving”, Cognitive Brain Research 14 (2002): 317–24.

18. R. Stickgold, “EMDR: A Putative Neurobiological Mechanism of Action”, Journal of Clinical Psychology 58 (2002): 61–75.

19. Было проведено несколько исследований того, как движение глаз помогает перерабатывать и трансформировать травматические воспоминания. M. Sack, et al., “Alterations in Autonomic Tone During Trauma Exposure Using Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) – Results of a Preliminary Investigation”, Journal of Anxiety Disorders 22, no. 7 (2008): 1264–71; B. Letizia, F. Andrea, and C. Paolo, “Neuroanatomical Changes After Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Treatment in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder”, The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 19, no. 4 (2007): 475–76; P. Levin, S. Lazrove, and B. van der Kolk, “What Psychological Testing and Neuroimaging Tell Us About the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing”, Journal of Anxiety Disorders 13, nos. 1–2, 159–72; M. L. Harper, T. Rasolkhani Kalhorn, J. F. Drozd, “On the Neural Basis of EMDR Therapy: Insights from Qeeg Studies”, Traumatology 15, no. 2 (2009): 81–95; K. Lansing, D. G. Amen, C. Hanks, and L. Rudy, “High-Resolution Brain SPECT Imaging and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in Police Officers with PTSD”, The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 17, no. 4 (2005): 526–32; T. Ohtani, K. Matsuo, K. Kasai, T. Kato, and N. Kato, “Hemodynamic Responses of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder”. Neuroscience Research 65, no. 4 (2009): 375–83; M. Pagani, G. Högberg, D. Salmaso, D. Nardo, Ö. Sundin, C. Jonsson, and T. Hällström, “Effects of EMDR Psychotherapy on 99mtc-HMPAO Distribution in Occupation-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder”, Nuclear Medicine Communications 28 (2007): 757–65; H. P. Söndergaard and U. Elofsson, “Psychophysiological Studies of EMDR”, Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 2, no. 4 (2008): 282–88.

Глава 16. Как заново овладеть своим телом: йога