The Bombing War: Europe 1939-1945

311. NARA, RG 218, Box 1, Report for the JCS, 6 Jan 1944, 1.

312. Details in RAFM, Bottomley papers, B2320, Inter-Service Sub-Committee on Biological Warfare, 22 Dec 1945, App A, ‘Biological Warfare: Report to the Secretary of War’, 1–5; NARA, RG 218, Box 1, JCS paper, 20 Dec 1943, ‘Implications of Recent Intelligence Regarding Alleged German Secret Weapons’.

313. NARA, RG 218, Box 1, ‘Defensive Measures against Bacteriological Warfare’, 25 May 1944; Memorandum for Col. Newsome from General Staff, Operations Division, 10 Apr 1944 (shown to Gen. Marshall and forwarded to Field Marshal John Dill).

314. Müller, ‘Albert Speer und die Rüstungspolitik’, 720–26.

315. See e.g. USAFA, Hansell papers, Ser III, Box 1, Folder 1, ‘Fairchild Lecture’, 1 Dec 1964, 18–24.

316. Figures from Davis, Carl A. Spaatz, App 8; Mets, Master of Airpower, 251; Henry Probert, Bomber Harris: His Life and Times (London: 2006), 305–6.

317. LC, Spaatz papers, Box 143, Spaatz to Arnold, 30 Sept 1944.

318. Mets, Master of Airpower, 258–9; Davis, Carl A. Spaatz, 488–90.

319. CCAC, BUFT 3/43, memorandum by Sq. Ldr. John Strachey (BOps), 13 Aug 1944; Draft operation, ‘Thunderclap’, 15 Aug 1944; Bufton memorandum, 2 Aug 1944, ‘Operation Thunderclap’.

320. Directives in Webster, Frankland, Strategic Air Offensive, vol 4, 174–6; directive from Bottomley to Harris, 13 Oct 1944. See too Davis, Carl A. Spaatz, 494–5.

321. Solly Zuckerman, From Apes to Warlords: The Autobiography of Solly Zuckerman, 1904–1946 (London: 1978), 301–4; Hugh Melinsky, Forming the Pathfinders: The Career of Air Vice-Marshal Sydney Bufton (Stroud: 2010), 130–33.

322. Webster, Frankland, Strategic Air Offensive, vol 4, 177–9, ‘1st November 1944: Directive No. 2 for the Strategic Air Forces in Europe’.

323. ‘Expert’ in CCAC, BUFT 3/51, Harris to Portal, 12 Dec 1944; Melinsky, Forming the Pathfinders, 135. See too CamUL, Andrew Boyle papers, Add 9429/1B, Harris to Boyle, 13 June 1979: ‘He [Bufton] was a prime example in my view of a Junior Officer in the Air Ministry imagining he could run the Command.’

324. CCAC, BUFT 3/51, Harris to Portal, 12 Dec 1944. See the full discussion of the correspondence in Melinsky, Forming the Pathfinders, 133–5; Probert, Bomber Harris, 309–11.

325. USSBS, ‘Oil Division: Final Report’, Washington, DC, 25 Aug 1945, fig 7.

326. LC, Spaatz papers, Box 76, ‘Conference on Bombing Accuracy’, HQ USSTAF, 22–23 Mar 1945; Box 80, Hugh Odishaw, ‘Radar Bombing in the Eighth Air Force’, 94. See too Davis, Carl A. Spaatz, 503–8.

327. Davis, Carl A. Spaatz, 508.

328. AHB, Translations, VII/23, GAF Air Historical Branch, ‘Some Effects of the Allied Air Offensive on German Economic Life’, 7 Dec 1944, 1–2; Davis, Carl A. Spaatz, 510–12. The best account is Alfred Mierzejewski, The Collapse of the German War Economy: Allied Air Power and the German National Railway (Chapel Hill, NC: 1988), 191, Table A3.

329. Mierzejewski, Collapse of the German War Economy, 193, Table A5.

330. AHB, Translations, VII/38, Speer to Field Marshal Keitel, ‘Report on the Effects of Allied Air Activity against the Ruhr’, 7 Nov 1944.

331. AFHRA, 520.056-188, Statistical Summary Eighth Air Force Operations: Aircraft Loss Rates on Combat Operations.

332. Fighter losses in Murray, Luftwaffe, 364; jet production in Boog, ‘Strategischer Luftkrieg’, 307–8.

333. CCAC, BUFT 3/51, Bufton to Bottomley, 9 June 1945; RAFM, Saundby papers, AC 72/12, Box 7, ‘War in the Ether’, App B, ‘Bomber Command Loss Rate on German Targets’.

334. Schmid, ‘German Nightfighting’, in Isby (ed), Fighting the Bombers, 105–6.

335. Details in RAFM, Saundby papers, AC 72/12, Box 7, ‘War in the Ether’, Oct 1945, 53–8 and App F; Saundby (HQ Bomber Command) to all group commanders, 13 Oct 1944 on keeping radar silence. See too Bill Gunston, Night Fighters: A Development and Combat History (Cambridge: 1976), 125–7; Werner Held, Holger Nauroth, Die deutsche Nachtjagd (Stuttgart: 1992), 222–30.

336. Von Below, At Hitler’s Side, 220–21.

337. LC, Eaker papers, Box I.35, ‘Decline of the G.A.F.’, 12.

338. Galland, First and Last, 246–9, 251–2, 283–5; LC, Spaatz papers, Box 68, Memorandum by George MacDonald (G-2, HQ USSTAF), ‘The Allied Air Offensive against Germany and Principal Criticisms by Enemy Leaders’, Table F, interrogation of Gen. Galland, 16 May 1945.

339. CCAC, BUFT 3/51, Morley (BOps 2) to SHAEF A-3, 21 Jan 1945.