The Bombing War: Europe 1939-1945

213. NARA, RG 107, Box 9, ‘Report on Survey of Aircrew Personnel’, 58, 86.

214. CCO, Portal papers, Folder 5, ‘Comparison of Bombing Effort During the Year 1943’, 10 Feb 1944.

215. TNA, AIR/739, A. F. Inglis (AI) to Harris, 13 Dec 1943; Harris to Bottomley, 28 Dec 1943.

216. TNA, PREM 3/193/6A, JIC Report, ‘Probabilities of a German Collapse’, 9 Sept 1943, encl. ‘Annex: Similarities between Germany’s Situation in August 1918 and August 1943’, 6.

217. TNA, AIR 8/1167, JIC Report, ‘Effects of Bombing Offensive on German War Effort’, 12 Nov 1943, Annex by PWE and AI, ‘Allied Air Attacks and German Morale’, 1, 3, 6–8; PREM 3/193/6A, Desmond Morton to Churchill, 21 Jan 1944.

218. LC, Spaatz papers, Box 67, ‘Plan for the Completion of the Combined Bomber Offensive’, 5 Mar 1944, Annex, ‘Prospect for Ending War by Air Attack against German Morale’, 1.

219. LC, Arnold papers, Reel 193, ‘Germany’s War Potential: An Appraisal by the Committee of Historians for the Commanding General of the Army Air Forces’, Dec 1943, 1, 2, 20–23.

220. FDRL, Map Room Files, Box 73, OSS Bulletin, 11 Mar 1944, 1. For a general discussion of American opinion see Richard Overy, ‘ “The Weak Link?”: The Perception of the German Working Class by RAF Bomber Command, 1940–1945’, Labour History Review, 77 (2012), 20–21; Katz, Foreign Intelligence, 63–70.

221. RAFM, Bottomley papers, AC 71/2/53, Lecture on Bombing, Spring 1944, 7.

222. USAFA, MacDonald papers, Box 8, Folder 8, ‘Extracts from News Digest, 30 March 1944’, Internal Conditions, ‘The Air Offensive’, 1.

223. LC, Arnold papers, Reel 193, ‘Germany’s War Potential’, 2.

224. LC, Doolittle papers, Box 19, Doolittle to all Eighth Air Force Commanders, 19 Jan 1944, 1.

225. LC, Eaker papers, Box I.19, Lovett to Arnold, 19 Jun 1943, 2.

226. USAFA, Hansell papers, Ser III, Box 1, Folder 2, ‘Salient Features of Various Plans: AWPD-1’, 3.

227. Stephen McFarland, Wesley Newton, To Command the Sky: The Battle for Air Superiority over Germany, 1942–1944 (Washington, DC: 1991), 103–4.

228. Details from John F. Guilmartin, ‘The Aircraft that Decided World War II: Aeronautical Engineering and Grand Strategy, 1933–1945’, 44th Harmon Memorial Lecture (Colorado Springs, CO: 2001), 16–18, 20–23; Richard G. Davis, Carl A. Spaatz and the Air War in Europe (Washington, DC: 1993), 361–4.

229. FDRL, President’s Secretary’s Files, Box 82, Roosevelt to Arnold, 10 Nov 1942; Arnold to Roosevelt, 12 Nov 1942.

230. McFarland, Newton, To Command the Sky, 138–40.

231. Freeman, The Mighty Eighth, 148, 183–4, 202–3, 206–7.

232. AFHRA, Disc A5835, Eighth Air Force Tactical Development, 1942–1945, 1; McFarland, Newton, To Command the Sky, 106, 112.

233. Ibid., 114–15, 145; Davis, Carl A. Spaatz, 302; Parton, ‘Air Force Spoken Here’, 273–6, 288.

234. David R. Mets, Master of Airpower: General Carl A. Spaatz (Novato, CA: 1998), 179–80.

235. Parton, ‘Air Force Spoken Here’, 336–9; Mets, Master of Airpower, 180–81.

236. LC, Spaatz papers, Box 84, Spaatz to Doolittle, 26 Jan 1944; Box 143, Spaatz to Doolittle, 28 Jan 1944.

237. LC, Doolittle papers, Box 19, Doolittle to Spaatz, 11 Mar 1944; Davis, Carl A. Spaatz, 299–300.

238. AFHRA, Disc A1722, Army Air Forces Evaluation Board, Eighth Air Force, ‘Tactical Development August 1942–May 1945’, 50.

239. Ibid., 50–55; Davis, Carl A. Spaatz, 358–63; McFarland, Newton, To Command the Sky, 141, 164–6.

240. IWM, MD, vol 61/5139, minutes of GL meeting, 28 Aug 1943.

241. Von Below, At Hitler’s Side, 176–7.

242. McFarland, Newton, To Command the Sky, 118–20; Air Ministry, The Rise and Fall of the German Air Force 1933–1945 (London: 1983), 239, 297–8.

243. Lt. Gen. Josef Schmid, ‘German Dayfighting in the Defense of the Reich 15 Sept 1943 to the End of the War’, in David Isby (ed), Fighting the Bombers: The Luftwaffe’s Struggle against the Allied Bomber Offensive (London: 2003), 133–40; Josef Schmid, ‘German Nightfighting from June 1943 to May 1945’, in ibid., 88–9, 95–7; Westermann, Flak, 235–6.

244. On German intelligence appreciation of Allied operations see TsAMO, f.500, o.957971, d.450, Führungsstab 1c, ‘Einzelnachrichten des 1c Dienstes West der Luftwaffe’, 29 Apr 1944; f.500, o.957971, d.448, ‘Einzelnachrichten des 1c Dienstes West: Britische Nachteinsatz’, 6 May 1944; f.500, o.957971, d.433, ‘Einzelnachrichten des 1c Dienstes West’, 16 June 1944.