The Bombing War: Europe 1939-1945

140. BA-MA, R22 IV/101, Vorstudien zur Luftkriegsgeschichte, Heft 8: Reichsluftverteidigung: Teil B, Flakabwehr, 28–30; Westermann, Flak, 216–19. See Ludger Tewes, Jugend im Krieg: von Luftwaffenhelfern und Soldaten 1939–1945 (Essen: 1989), 37–50.

141. TNA, AIR 20/4761, DoI to Bufton, 21 Aug 1943.

142. LC, Eaker papers, Box I.19, Lovett to Eaker, 28 July 1943; Eaker to Lovett, 9 Aug 1943.

143. TNA, AIR 8/1109, Harris to Portal, 12 Aug 1943.

144. TNA, AIR 14/1779, Bomber Command, ORS, Survey of Damage to Cities, 29 Nov 1943.

145. TNA, AIR 14/739A, HQ Bomber Command, Intelligence Staff, ‘Progress of RAF Bomber Offensive Against Germany’, 30 Nov 1943, 1–2.

146. TNA, AIR 20/4761, O. Lawrence (MEW) to Morley, 6 Sept 1943; Lawrence to Bufton, 24 Oct 1943.

147. TNA, FO 837/26, ‘Note from Economic Intelligence’, 17 Sept 1943; ‘Notes on Economic Intelligence’, MEW meeting, 1 Oct 1943.

148. LC, Spaatz papers, Box 203, J. K. Galbraith, ‘Preliminary Appraisal of Achievement of Strategic Bombing of Germany’ [n.d.], 6.

149. FHA, Foley papers, MSS 448 3/2, Daily Telegraph article, 6 Aug 1943.

150. Ibid., Thomas Foley to Kingsley Martin (editor New Statesman), 3 Nov 1943; ‘What Happened in Hamburg’, leaflet reprint of article in Baseler Nachrichten; 2/2, Corder Catchpool (Bombing Restriction Committee) to Foley, 8 Jan 1943; Bombing Restriction Committee leaflet, ‘Bomb, Burn and Ruthlessly Destroy’ [n.d. but late 1943], 2.

151. LC, Eaker papers, Box I.19, Lovett to Eaker, 1 July 1943.

152. LC, Spaatz papers, Box 67, ‘Status of Combined Bomber Offensive from U.K.’, 8 Aug 1943, 4.

153. TNA, AIR 8/1109, Telegram Harris to Portal, 12 Aug 1943.

154. TNA, AIR 8/435, Telegram Portal to VCAS, 19 Aug 1943; VCAS to Portal, 21 Aug 1943.

155. LC, Spaatz papers, Box 67, USSTAF DoI, ‘An Evaluation of the Effects of the Bomber Offensive on “Overlord” and “Dragoon”’, 5 Sept 1944, 1.

156. TNA, AIR 14/783, Portal to Harris, 7 Oct 1943, encl. ‘Effort (Planned and Effected) USAF 8th Bomber Command’.

157. TNA, AIR 14/739A, ‘Conduct of the Strategic Bomber Offensive before Preparatory Stage of “Overlord”’, 17 Jan 1944; LC, Spaatz papers, Box 143, Arnold to Spaatz, 24 Apr 1944.

158. TNA, AIR 8/1167, ‘Report by Chief of Air Staff and Commanding General US Eighth Air Force’, 7 Nov 1943, 3–4.

159. LC, Eaker papers, Box I.20, HQ Bomber Command, ‘Outline of Future Intentions for the Continuation and Intensification of the Bomber Offensive’, 4 Nov 1943.

160. TNA, AIR 8/425, Harris to Portal and Sinclair, 7 Dec 1943.

161. Details in Groehler, Bombenkrieg, 131–3; Freeman, The Mighty Eighth, 89–91.

162. Groehler, Bombenkrieg, 133–4; Friedhelm Golücke, Schweinfurt und der strategische Luftkrieg 1943 (Paderborn: 1980), 356–7.

163. Ibid., 134; Richard G. Davis, Bombing the European Axis Powers: A Historical Digest of the Combined Bomber Offensive, 1939–1945 (Maxwell AFB, AL: 2006), 158–61; Parton, ‘Air Force Spoken Here’, 300–02.

164. Parton, ‘Air Force Spoken Here’, 316.

165. Freeman, The Mighty Eighth, 119; Davis, Bombing the European Axis Powers, 176, 182–4.

166. AFHRA, 520.056-188, Statistical Summary, Eighth Air Force Operations, ‘Aircraft Loss Rate on Combat Missions’.

167. TNA, AIR 20/283, Bomber Command operational statistics, Feb–Nov 1943, 1 Jan 1944; AIR 20/2025, Strength of Air Force Personnel, Operational Squadrons, 1940–1945.

168. Details from Middlebrook, Everitt, Bomber Command War Diaries, 422–8.

169. TNA, AIR 40/345, Air Intelligence 3c, Raid Assessment Summary, 31 Oct 1943.

170. Groehler, Bombenkrieg, 144–7.

171. TNA, AIR 20/4761, RE8 report, ‘The Economic Effects of Attacks in Force on German Targets, March–December 1943’, Table 2.

172. TNA, AIR 22/203, Bomber Command War Room, Total Wastage 1939–1945.

173. LC, Eaker papers, Box I.19, Lovett to Eaker, 19 Sept 1943.

174. TNA, AIR 8/1103, paper prepared for the Chief of Air Staff, 11 Oct 1943, 4.

175. TNA, AIR 14/783, Portal to Harris, 7 Oct 1943, encl. Air Staff memorandum, ‘Extent to which the Eighth U.S.A.A.F. and Bomber Command have been able to implement the G.A.F. Plan’, 1.

176. RAFM, Harris papers, H47, Bottomley to Harris, ‘Special Brief for Schweinfurt Operation’, 25 July 1943; Harris to Bottomley, 20 Dec 1943, 3.

177. TNA, AIR 14/739A, Harris to Bottomley, 28 Dec 1943.

178. TNA, AIR 8/425, Bottomley to Harris, 23 Dec 1943; AIR 20/4761, ‘Bomber Command’s Comments on R.E.8’s Paper’, 13 Mar 1944.

179. TNA, AIR 48/65, USSBS, Military Analysis Division, Report no. 2, ‘Weather Factors in Combat Bombardment Operations in the European Theater’, 3 Nov 1945, 1–3, 15, 23.