The Bombing War: Europe 1939-1945

74. LC, Spaatz papers, Box 316, Gen. Anderson’s Diary, 1943–5, entries for 22 Feb, 15 Mar, 1 May, 29 May.

75. LC, Eaker papers, Box I.17, Eaker to Arnold, 29 June 1943. Parton, ‘Air Force Spoken Here’, 271–8, for a full account of the acrimonious exchange.

76. LC, Eaker papers, Box I.17, Arnold to Eaker, 29 June 1943.

77. TNA, AIR 20/283, Bomber Command Operations, Feb–Nov 1943, 2 Jan 1944.

78. Greenhous et al., Crucible of War, 658–60; Randall Wakelam, The Science of Bombing: Operational Research in RAF Bomber Command (Toronto: 2009), 119–21, 139.

79. RAFM, Saundby papers, AC 72/12, Box 7, Signals Branch, HQ Bomber Command, ‘War in the Ether: Europe 1939–1945’, Oct 1945, 14–16. ‘Boozer’ was unable to detect enemy AI radar at more than 1,500 yards, while ‘Monica’ and ‘Boozer’ interfered with each other when used together.

80. RAFM, Harris papers, H55, speech to the 21st Army Group HQ, 14 May 1945; TNA, AIR 20/283, Bomber Command Operations; CCO, Portal papers, Folder 5, ‘Comparison of Bombing Effort during the Year 1943’, 10 Feb 1944.

81. Greenhous et al., Crucible of War, 657–67, for a lucid account of the Ruhr operations.

82. Ralf Blank, ‘The Battle of the Ruhr, 1943: Aerial Warfare against an Industrial Region’, Labour History Review, 77 (2012), 35–48.

83. Nikolaus von Below, At Hitler’s Side: The Memoirs of Hitler’s Luftwaffe Adjutant 1937–1945 (London: 2001), 169–70.

84. Willi Boelcke (ed), The Secret Conferences of Dr Goebbels, 1939–1943 (London: 1967), 388–9.

85. Heinz Boberach (ed), Meldungen aus dem Reich: Die geheimen Lageberichte des Sicherheitsdienstes der SS 1938–1945, 17 vols (Herrsching: 1984), vol xiii, 4,983, 5,021, reports for 22 Mar, 29 Mar 1943.

86. Edward Westermann, Flak: German Anti-Aircraft Defenses, 1914–1945 (Lawrence, KS: 2001), 200–202.

87. Ibid., 201–2; Greenhous et al., Crucible of War, 662–3.

88. John A. MacBean, Arthur S. Hogben, Bombs Gone: The Development and Use of British Air-Dropped Weapons from 1912 to the Present Day (Wellingborough: 1990), 158–61.

89. TNA, AIR 14/840, minute for the C-in-C by Saundby, 14 Feb 1943.

90. Ibid., Harris minute, 15 Apr 1943.

91. MacBean, Hogben, Bombs Gone, 164–9; Martin Middlebrook, Chris Everitt The Bomber Command War Diaries (Leicester: 2000), 386–8; Olaf Groehler, Bombenkrieg gegen Deutschland (Berlin: 1990), 154–6.

92. UEA, Zuckerman Archive, SZ/AEAF/14, Bomber Command, ORS, ‘The Operational Use of Oboe Mark 1A, December 1942–June 1943’, 3–4.

93. TNA, AIR 20/283, HQ Bomber Command, ORS Report, 27 May 1943; original evasion instructions in AIR 14/206, Tactical Committee paper 31, revised Feb 1943.

94. TNA, AIR 48/29, USSBS Civilian Defense Division: Final Report, 26 Oct 1945, 3; Hitler’s comment in von Below, At Hitler’s Side, 172.

95. TNA, AIR 8/1109, JIC, ‘Effects of Bombing Offensive on German War Effort’, 22 July 1943.

96. TNA, AIR 20/476, Air Ministry DoI, ‘Effects of Air Raids on Labour and Production’, 16 Aug 1943, 1–2; O. Lawrence (MEW) to Morley (BOps 1), 6 Sept 1943; note from Lawrence to Bufton, 24 Oct 1943.

97. CCAC, BUFT 3/42, Gen. Frank Andrews (US Supreme Commander in United Kingdom) to Gen. Marshall and Gen. Arnold, 3 Apr 1943.

98. Roger A. Freeman, The Mighty Eighth War Diary (London: 1981), 42–73.

99. TNA, AIR 8/1109, JIC, ‘Effects of Bombing Offensive’, 1; AIR 9/423, Director of Plans minute, 15 Mar 1943.

100. CCAC, BUFT 3/24, BOps 1 to Group Captain Barnett, 1 Nov 1941; Draft App B [n.d. but late Oct 1941].

101. TNA, AIR 20/4768, BOps memorandum, 25 Feb 1942.

102. UEA, Zuckerman Archive, SZ/OEMU/50/7, ‘Note for Advisers’ Meeting’, 12 Aug 1942.

103. Ibid., 9th Meeting of RE8 Advisory Group, 16 Sept 1942; 10th Meeting of RE8 Advisory Group, 24 Sept 1942; 15th Meeting of RE8 Advisory Group, 29 Oct 1942.

104. Ibid., OEMU/50/8, RE8 Report, ‘German Domestic Architecture’, 7 Apr 1943, 1–2.

105. CCAC, BUFT 3/26, Minutes of meeting at the Ministry of Works, 9 Oct 1941; R. Ewell (Petroleum Warfare Section) to D. A. C. Dewdney, 22 Dec 1942.

106. CCAC, BUFT 3/24, BOps 1, draft report, ‘Incendiary Attack’, 8 Nov 1941; BOps 1 to Peirse [n.d. but Nov 1941]; Report for DDBOps, ‘Types and Weights of German Incendiary Bombs’, 11 Oct 1941.

107. Ibid., BUFT 3/26, DBOps, note on an article in Die Sirene, 2 Oct 1942 (the article in the German civil defence journal explained how to fight fires even with the threat of anti-personnel bombs).