The Bombing War: Europe 1939-1945

219. RAFM, Harris papers, H11, memorandum for the prime minister, 17 June 1942 (revised 20 Aug); TNA, PREM 3/19, Harris to Churchill, 17 June 1942.

220. RAFM, Harris papers, H63, App A, ‘Approximate Allocation of Air Resources, June 15 1942’; TNA, PREM 3/19, Churchill minute to Harris, 6 July 1942; Air Ministry to Cabinet Office, 12 Aug 1942; CCO, Portal papers, Folder 9/File 3, Harris to Portal, 20 Aug 1942. Out of 42 squadrons on establishment, Harris reckoned that 6 were on loan, 6 were re-equipping or forming, 4 were operationally limited (Polish squadrons ‘almost useless’) and 5 others were unavailable.

221. Parton, ‘Air Force Spoken Here’, 166–7.

222. LC, Spaatz papers, Box 76, Eaker to Spaatz, 27 Aug 1942, ‘Accuracy of Bombardment’, 2, 4.

223. FDRL, Map Room Files, Box 12, telegram from Harriman to Roosevelt, 14 Aug 1942.

224. TNA, AIR 8/435, Churchill to Sinclair and Portal, 17 Aug 1942; Portal to Churchill, 20 Aug 1942; Harris to Portal, 29 Aug 1942.

225. TNA, PREM 3/19, Harris to Churchill, 4 Sept 1942; Churchill to Harris, 13 Sept 1942; ‘better than doing nothing’ in CCO, Portal papers, Folder 3/File 1, Churchill to Sinclair, 13 Mar 1943.

226. TNA, PREM 3/19, Amery to Churchill, 1 Sept 1942.

227. CCAC, BUFT 3/12, L. A. C. Cunningham to Morley (BOps 1), 14 Oct 1942.

228. Royal Society, London, Blackett papers, PB/4/4, minutes of CoS discussion, 18 Nov 1942.

229. CCO, Portal papers, Folder 9/File 3, Harris to Portal, 24 Sept 1942. On the arguments over the size of the Canadian component see Greenhous et al., Crucible of War, 599–600.

230. TNA, AIR 14/792, Harris to Balfour, 12 Nov 1942; Bottomley to Harris, 28 Nov 1942.

231. CCO, Portal papers, Folder 9/File 3, Harris to Portal, 21 Oct 1942.

232. TNA, AIR 14/1779, Air Vice Marshal Saundby to Tizard, 2 Dec 1942.

233. CCAC, BUFT 3/15, minute for Baker from Bufton, 2 Nov 1942.

234. TNA, AIR 22/203, War Room Manual of Bomber Command Operations 1939–1945, Chart 4, Chart 9.

235. UEA, Zuckerman Archive, OEMU/50/2, REDept, ‘The 1000-Bomber Raid on Cologne’, 3 Nov 1942.

236. BA-B, NS18/1063, Partei-Kanzlei, Abt. PG, ‘Angaben über die Verluste durch Fliegerangriffen’, 2 Oct 1942; R3102/10031, Statistisches Reichsamt, ‘Die Tätigkeit der feindlichen Luftwaffe über dem Reichsgebiet’, 10 Jan 1945; United States Strategic Bombing Survey, ‘Overall Report, European War, 30 Sept 1945, 74, 81.

237. TNA, AIR 9/424, note from Churchill for the CoS Committee, 18 Nov 1942.

238. Ibid., War Cabinet, JPS, ‘Anglo-US Bombing Policy’, 18 Aug 1942.

239. LC, Spaatz papers, Box 66, Directive from Roosevelt to Marshall, 24 Aug 1942; Arnold to Harry Hopkins, 3 Sept 1942, memorandum, ‘Plans for Operations against the Enemy’, 2.

240. Davis, Carl A. Spaatz, 113–16.

241. TNA, AIR 40/1814, MEW to Sinclair, 2 May 1942; see too Balfour, Wings over Westminster, 103, who wrote that the division he found between service officers and civil servants in the Air Ministry resulted in ‘processes of administration and decision [that] were cumbersome and slow’.

242. CCAC, BUFT 3/12, memorandum by Wing Cdr. A. Morley, ‘The Tactical Direction of the Bomber Force’, 20 May 1942, 2.

243. Ibid., 3/15, memorandum for DBOps from Bufton, 6 Sept 1942.

6. THE COMBINED BOMBER OFFENSIVE: GERMANY 1943–5

1. TNA, AIR 75/11, Slessor papers, pencil notes, ‘Conduct of the War in 1943’.

2. Ibid., AIR 75/11, draft by Slessor, ‘The Bomber Offensive from the United Kingdom: Note by the British Chiefs of Staff’, 20 Jan 1943; draft, ‘Casablanca Directive’, 21 Jan 1943; John Slessor, The Central Blue: Recollections and Reflections (London: 1956), 445–6.

3. LC, Arnold papers, Reel 200, Arnold to Gen. Wedemeyer, 30 Dec 1942.

4. RAFM, Harris papers, H28, Arthur Sulzberger, The New York Times, to Harris, 21 Sept 1942; Harris to Francis Drake, 1 Jan 1943; Robert Lovett to Harris, 24 Nov 1942; Harris to Lovett, 24 Dec 1942; H51, Richard Peck (Air Ministry) to Harris, 22 Dec 1942; Telegram from air attaché, Washington, DC, to Air Ministry, 11 Jan 1943.

5. UEA, Zuckerman Archive, SZ/BBSU/29, Air Commodore Pelly to Zuckerman, 14 Jan 1946.

6. TNA, PREM 3/14/2, cypher telegram, Churchill to the Air Ministry, 17 Aug 1942; Portal to Churchill, 20 Aug 1942; Stalin to Churchill, 19 Jan 1943. For Harris’s views AIR 8/435, Portal and Sinclair to Churchill, 18 Aug 1942; Harris to Portal, 29 Aug 1942.

7. Ibid., AIR 8/435, Stalin to Churchill, 3 Mar 1943; CCO, Portal papers, Folder 3/File 3, Churchill to Portal, 10 Sept 1942; Churchill to Stalin, 11 Sept 1942.

8. Ibid., Portal papers, Folder 3/File 3, Churchill, ‘Note on Air Policy’, 22 Oct 1942; Folder 3/File 4, Churchill to Portal, 26 Oct 1942; Portal to Churchill, 7 Nov 1942; LC, Eaker papers, Box I.20, Spaatz to Eaker, 9 Dec 1942; Eaker to Spaatz, 29 Jan 1943.

9. LC, Arnold papers, Reel 200, Arnold to Gen. Stratemeyer, 26 Feb 1943.