The Bombing War: Europe 1939-1945

121. CCO, Portal papers, Folder 2/File 1, Churchill to Portal, 7 July 1941. On the German response see Percy Schramm(ed), Kriegstagebuch des OKW: Eine Documentation, 1940–1941, Band 1, Teilband 2 (Augsburg: 2007), 417–20.

122. TNA, PREM 3/13/2, Churchill to Lindemann, 7 July 1941; Churchill to Sinclair and Portal, 12 July 1941.

123. RAFM, Bottomley papers, AC 71/2/115, ‘Operational Photography in Bomber Command Sept 1939–April 1945’, June 1945, 14–29. Robert S. Ehlers, Targeting the Third Reich: Air Intelligence and the Allied Bombing Campaigns (Lawrence, KS: 2009), 96–7.

124. CCO, Portal papers, Folder 9/File 2, Portal to Cherwell, 29 July 1941; Cherwell to Portal, 30 July 1941.

125. Webster, Frankland, Strategic Air Offensive, vol 4, 205, ‘Report by Mr. Butt to Bomber Command on his Examination of Night Photographs, 18 August 1941’; Melinsky, Forming the Pathfinders, 43–4.

126. CCO, Portal papers, Folder 2/File 1, Churchill to Portal, 15 Sept 1941.

127. Ibid., Cherwell to Churchill, 3 Sept 1941; Portal to Churchill, ‘Notes on Lord Cherwell’s Paper’, 11 Sept 1941.

128. RAFM, Bottomley papers, AC 71/2/115, ‘Operational Photography’, 26.

129. Interview with Robert Kee in Overy, Bomber Command, 75.

130. TNA, AIR 41/41, RAF Narrative, vol III, 42. Wakelam, The Science of Bombing, 42–6.

131. Overy, Bomber Command 74, interview with Wilkie Wanless; TNA, AIR 9/150, Peirse to Balfour, 7 Sept 1941; AIR 20/1979, Bomber Command, aircraft strengths and casualties. Between Sept 1939 and Feb 1941, 93,341 non-operational sorties were flown by day, only 3,157 by night.

132. TNA, AIR 9/150, BOps to DBOps, 27 Nov 1941; AIR 20/283, Baker (DBOps) to Portal, 28 July 1941.

133. Webster, Frankland, Strategic Air Offensive, vol 4, 455; TNA, AIR 9/150, DBOps to Deputy Chief of Air Staff, 11 Sept 1941.

134. Thetford, Aircraft of the Royal Air Force, 317–22, 488–91; Brereton Greenhous, Stephen Harris, William Johnston, William Rawling, The Crucible of War 1939–1945: The Official History of the Royal Canadian Air Force, Vol III (Toronto: 1994), 604–6.

135. Ibid., 605.

136. Sebastian Cox (ed), The Strategic Air War Against Germany, 1939–1945: The Official Report of the British Bombing Survey Unit (London: 1998), 37.

137. PArch, Beaverbrook papers, BBK/D/329, Air Ministry to MAP, 4 May 1941. On bombs see John A. MacBean, Arthur S. Hogben, Bombs Gone: The Development and Use of British Air-Dropped Weapons from 1912 to the Present Day (Wellingborough: 1990), 66–8; Roy Irons, The Relentless Offensive: War and Bomber Command 1939–1945 (Barnsley: 2009), 190–91, 205–6.

138. TNA, AIR 20/5813, minute, vice chief of staff, 3 Nov 1941; ‘4lb Incendiary Bomb’, BOps 2b, 2 Jan 1942.

139. NC, Cherwell papers, F222, minute for Churchill from Cherwell, May 1941; G182, H. W. Robinson to Cherwell, 27 Oct 1941; Chart, ‘Bombs Dropped on Germany July–Dec 1941’; G189, Cherwell to Ministry of Supply, 28 Jan 1942; PArch, Beaverbrook papers, BBK/D/330, Air Marshal Courtney to Beaverbrook, 27 May 1941. Details on bombs from Irons, The Relentless Offensive, 203–5.

140. Cox (ed), The Strategic Air War, 36.

141. PArch, Balfour papers, BAL/3, ‘Dunkirk Days–Battle of Britain’ (Balfour was Under-Secretary of State at the Air Ministry). See CamUL, Boyle papers, Add 9429/2C, Boyle to Harris, 22 July 1979, where Beaverbrook was still remembered as ‘one of the instinctive opponents of bombing Germany’.

142. PArch, Beaverbrook papers, BBK/D/329, Portal to Moore-Brabazon, 10 May 1941, 3.

143. Gavin Bailey, ‘Aircraft for Survival: Anglo-American Aircraft Supply Diplomacy, 1938–1942’ (unpublished PhD thesis, University of Dundee: 2010), 183–91.

144. LC, Arnold papers, Reel 199, handwritten notes, Placentia Bay meeting, 11 Aug 1941.

145. Webster, Frankland, Strategic Air Offensive, vol 4, 4–6; Melinsky, Forming the Pathfinders, 56–7, 59; Alfred Price, Instruments of Darkness: The History of Electronic Warfare, 1939–1945 (London: 2005), 97–9.

146. BA-MA, RL2 IV/101, Vorstudien zur Luftkriegsgeschichte: Reichsluftverteidigung: Teil B: Flakabwehr [n.d. 1944], 12–13, 15.

147. RAFM, Saundby papers, AC 72/12 Box 7, ‘War in the Ether: Europe 1939–1945’, Signals Branch, HQ Bomber Command, Oct 1945, 6.