The Bombing War: Europe 1939-1945

148. BA-MA, RL2 IV/101, ‘Flakabwehr’, 15–17.

149. Werner Held, Holger Nauroth, Die deutsche Nachtjagd (Stuttgart: 1992), 115–17.

150. BA-MA, RL2 IV/101, ‘Flakabwehr’, 18–19, 23; Bill Gunston, Night Fighters: A Development and Combat History (Cambridge: 1976), 86–9; Price, Instruments of Darkness, 55–9.

151. Westermann, Flak, 123–4.

152. TNA, AIR 20/283, minute by DBOps (Baker), 10 Nov 1941.

153. Melinsky, Forming the Pathfinders, 66–7; Middlebrook, Everitt, Bomber Command War Diaries, 210.

154. CCO, Portal papers, Folder 2/File 2, Churchill to Portal, 27 Sept 1941; Portal to Churchill, 25 Sept 1941, enclosing ‘Development and Employment of the Heavy Bomber Force’, 22 Sept 1941.

155. Ibid., Portal to Churchill, 2 Oct 1941; Churchill to Portal, 7 Oct 1941.

156. TNA, AIR 41/41, RAF Narrative, vol III, 111; Middlebrook, Everitt, Bomber Command War Diaries, 217–18; Greenhous et al., Crucible of War, 559–60.

157. Mark Connelly, Reaching for the Stars: A New History of Bomber Command in World War II (London: 2001), 60–2; Webster, Frankland, Strategic Air Offensive, vol 1, 254–6; Anthony Furse, Wilfred Freeman, The Genius Behind Allied Survival and Air Supremacy 1939–1945 (Staplehurst, Kent: 2000), 199–200.

158. CCAC, BUFT 3/12, ‘Report of a Visit to Groups and Stations by Wing-Commander Morley, 10 Dec 1941’.

159. Royal Society, London, Blackett papers, PB/4/4, ‘Note on the Use of the Bomber Force’, 3.

160. Webster, Frankland, Strategic Air Offensive, vol 1, 328–9.

161. CCAC, BUFT 3/12, minute for DBOps from Bufton, 27 Feb 1942.

162. PArch, Beaverbrook papers, BBK/D/330, telegram from Harris to Portal and Sinclair, 18 Sept 1941; RAFM, Harris to Freeman, 15 Sept 1941, 5.

163. Ibid., 2–3.

164. PArch, Beaverbrook papers, BBK/D/330, telegram from Harris to Portal, 8 Dec 1941.

165. Henry Probert, Bomber Harris: His Life and Times (London: 2006), 122–3.

166. Warren Kimball (ed), Churchill & Roosevelt: The Complete Correspondence: Vol I: Alliance Emerging (London: 1984), 296, memorandum, Churchill to Roosevelt, Pt I, ‘The Atlantic Front’.

167. LC, Arnold papers, Reel 199, Proceedings of the American-British Joint Chiefs of Staff Conferences, 24 Dec 1941, 2.

168. Ibid., Annex 1, American-British Strategy, 2, 5.

169. Kimball (ed), Churchill & Roosevelt Correspondence: Vol I, 314–23, Churchill to Roosevelt, 7 (?) Jan 1942.

170. USAFA, Colorado Springs (USAFC), Hansell papers, Series III, Box 1, Folder 2, ‘Can We Be Bombed?’ [n.d. but late 1939], 22–3.

171. NARA, RG94.580, memorandum from the chief of air staff, 10 May 1940; LC, Andrews papers, Box 11, memorandum for the Executive by Carl Spaatz, 5 Jan 1935, ‘Comments on Doctrines of the Army Air Corps’, 1.

172. Haywood Hansell, The Air Plan that Defeated Hitler (Atlanta, GA: 1972), 53–63, 92–3.

173. Douglas Lackey, ‘The Bombing Campaign of the USAAF’, in Igor Primoratz (ed), Terror from the Sky: The Bombing of German Cities in World War II (Oxford: 2010), 41–5; Ronald Schaffer, ‘American Military Ethics in World War II: The Bombing of German Civilians’, The Journal of American History, 67 (1980), 320–22; Conrad Crane, ‘Evolution of U.S. Strategic Bombing of Urban Areas’, Historian, 50 (1987), 16–17, 21–4.

174. On Roosevelt see Jeffery Underwood, The Wings of Democracy: The Influence of Air Power on the Roosevelt Administration 1933–1941 (College Station: 1991), chs 7–8.

175. TNA, FO 371/23093, Dept of State communiqué from Ambassador Anthony Biddle, 13 Sept 1939; FDRL, President’s personal files, 554, Biddle to Roosevelt, 10 Nov 1939.

176. Michael Sherry, The Rise of American Air Power: The Creation of Armageddon (New Haven, CT: 1987), 97–8.

177. NARA, RG 107, Lovett papers, Box 138, memorandum for Lovett, ‘Blackout Alarms’, 24 Dec 1941; Lovett to Donald Douglas (President, Douglas Aircraft Company), 27 Jan 1942; Office of Civilian Defense to all Regional Directors, 22 Dec 1941.

178. Ibid., Engineer Board, US Army, ‘Traffic Control during Blackouts’, 5 Oct 1942; Joseph McNarney (Deputy Army CoS) to Vice Chief of Naval Operations, 5 June 1942.

179. Ibid., Box 139, Federal Works Agency, ‘Air Raid Protection Code for Federal Buildings’, Aug 1942, 13–20, 21–5.