The Bombing War: Europe 1939-1945

120. Fred Iklé, The Social Impact of Bomb Destruction (Norman, OK: 1958), 67–8.

121. BA-MA, RL 41/7, RLB, Rundschreiben, July 1943.

122. TsAMO, f.500, o.393761c, d.34, Arbeitsstab-LS, Erfahrungsbericht no. 18, 6 Oct 1943, 4; no. 22, 20 Jan 1944, 1; no. 23, 5 Mar 1944, 4.

123. Ibid., Erfahrungsbericht no. 20, 4 Dec 1943, 1.

124. TNA, AIR 20/7287, ‘Secret Report by the Police President’, 1 Dec 1943, 87–90.

125. BA-MA, RL41/6, RLB, Presse-Material, 2 Nov 1943; TsAMO, f.500, o.393761c, d.34, Arbeitsstab-LS, Erfahrungsbericht Nr. 18, 7.

126. Ibid., f.500, o.393761c, d.34, Erfahrungsbericht Nr. 17, 23 Sept 1943, 9; BA-MA, RL41/6, RLB, Presse-Material, 10 Aug 1943, 1; 2 Nov 1943, 1.

127. Heinz Pettenberg, Starke Verbände im Anflug auf Köln, ed. Hella Reuter-Pettenberg (Cologne: 1981), 90–91, entry for 31 May 1942.

128. Details from Linhardt, Feuerwehr im Luftschutz, 171–2, 173, 178, 180–82; Hans Rumpf, The Bombing of Germany (London: 1957), 186–7.

129. Kock, ‘Der Führer sorgt für unsere Kinder’, 139–43; Katja Klee, Im ‘Luftschutzkeller des Reiches’: Evakuierte in Bayern, 1939–1945 (Munich: 1999), 165–7.

130. BA-B, R1501/823, Interior Ministry to all local authorities, 27 July 1942.

131. BA-B, R1501/1515, Interior Ministry to provincial governments, 2 Feb 1943; Kock, ‘Der Führer sorgt für unsere Kinder’, 141.

132. Groehler, Bombenkrieg gegen Deutschland, 266–7.

133. BA-B, R1501/3791, State Secretary Ganzenmüller, Transport Ministry, ‘Transport Questions in Evacuation of Air War Regions’, June 1943, 1; Groehler, Bombenkrieg gegen Deutschland, 282; Klee, Im ‘Luftschutzkeller des Reiches’, 171.

134. BA-B, R3102/10044, Statistical Office, ‘Stand der Umquartierung aus luftgefährdeten Gebieten’, 15 Sept 1943.

135. BA-B, NS 18/1062, minute for Tiessler, Party Chancellery, ‘Attitude of the Evacuees in the Reception Areas’, 11 May 1943.

136. BA-B, NS 18/1333, Propaganda Ministry, Inter-Ministerial Committee to all Gauleiter, 19 Aug 1943, 1, 4.

137. Jill Stephenson, Hitler’s Home Front: Württemberg under the Nazis (London: 2006), 299–301, 306–11; Glienke, ‘Allied Air War and German Society’, 196–8; Torrie, ‘For Their Own Good’, 100–106. On tensions between evacuees and local populations see Nicholas Stargardt, Witnesses of War: Children’s Lives under the Nazis (London: 2005), 256–9.

138. BA-B, R1501/3791, Mayor of Berlin to Reichsgesundheitsführer, Conti, 21 Aug 1943; RVK, Hamburg to Conti, 17 Aug 1943, ‘Verteilung von Ärzten’.

139. Ibid., NSDAP, Hauptamt für Volkswohlfahrt to Conti, 13 July 1943.

140. BA-B, R1501/3809, Conti papers, ‘Gedanken zur artzlichen Planwirtschaft’, 12 Oct 1943; R1501/3791, Meeting of the Inter-Ministerial Committee, 21 July 1943; Reich Health Leader to Oberpräsident Münster, 30 July 1943.

141. BA-B, R1501/3791, memorandum to Reich Health Leader, 29 June 1943; Generalreferent für Luftkriegsschäden to Speer, 29 June 1943; RVK, Westfalen-Nord to Conti, 22 July 1943.

142. Ibid., President, German Red Cross, to all provincial offices, 2 July 1943; Conti to all RVK, ‘Gesundheitliche Versorgung der Zivilbevölkerung bei Luftgrossangriffen’, 5 July 1943.

143. BA-B, NS 18/1062, Karl Brandt, Führer HQ, circular report, 8 Oct 1941. Hitler’s decision was taken on 24 August.

144. BA-BV, R1501/3809, Brandt to the Interior Ministry (Conti), Bormann and Hans Lammers, 21 June 1943; Brandt to Lammers, 30 June 1943; Brandt memorandum, ‘Aufstellung der im Rahmen des Führerauftrages durch zuführenden Massnahmen’.

145. Süss, ‘Wartime Societies and Shelter Politics’, 36–8; Dietmar Süss, Tod aus der Luft: Kriegsgesellschaft und Luftkrieg in Deutschland und England (Munich: 2011), 368–72. See too Peter Heinl, ‘Invisible Psychological Ruins: Unconscious Long-Term War Trauma’, workshop paper, Reading University, 13 Mar 2009. Heinl was able to explain serious psychiatric and psychosomatic conditions among a cohort of elderly Germans by exposing their childhood experiences under bombing.

146. BA-B, NS 18/1063, Notice for Tiessler, 17 Mar 1943.

147. Boberach (ed), Meldungen aus dem Reich, vol 13, 4,983, 22 Mar 1943.

148. BA-MA, RL 41/7, RLB, measures to be taken as a result of recent air raids, Sept 1943.

149. BA-B, NS 18/1333, Propaganda Ministry, ‘Vorlage für den Herrn Minister’, 28 Sept 1942. See too Nicholas Stargardt, Witnesses of War: Children’s Lives Under the Nazis (London: 2005), 253–4.