The Bombing War: Europe 1939-1945

204. Details in USSBS, Report 7, ‘Erla Maschinenwerke GmbH, Leipzig’, 1–2, 6; Report 9, ‘Gothaer Waggonfabrik AG, Gotha’, 1–2, 13; Report 14, ‘Wiener-Neustädter Flugzeugwerke’, 1–2, 9–12.

205. IWM, MD, vol 51, Main Committee Iron Production (Dr Helmut Rohland) to all industry heads, 27 Mar 1944, 2.

206. IWM, EDS MI 14/133, Army High Command, ‘Studie über Rüstung’, 25 Jan 1944.

207. IWM, EDS AL/1746, interrogation of Karl-Otto Saur, 10 Aug 1945; Box S368, Report 90, ‘Rationalisation in the Components Industry’, 34; Dietrich Eichholtz, Geschichte der deutschen Kriegswirtschaft, 4 vols (Munich: 1999), vol 2, 316–17.

208. BA-B, R3101/11921, Economics Ministry, Weekly Reports on Economic Conditions, 7 Feb 1944, 1; 27 May 1944, 1; 28 Sept 1944, 1; 21 Oct 1944, 7. See too Bernhard Kroener, ‘ “Menschenbewirtschaftung”, Bevölkerungsverteilung und personelle Rüstung in der zweiten Kriegshälfte (1942–1944)’, in Kroener, Müller, Umbreit, DRZW: Band 5/2, 931–4.

209. BA-B, R3101/11921, Economics Ministry Weekly Report, 14 Feb 1944, 1; IWM, Box S366, FIAT Report, ‘Statistical Material on the German Manpower Position during the War Period’, 31 July 1945. On Daimler-Benz, see Pohl, Treue, Die Daimler-Benz AG, 145.

210. BA-B, R3101/11921, Economics Ministry Weekly Report, 18 Dec 1944, 7. See too Cornelia Rauh-Kühne, ‘Hitlers Hehler? Unternehmerprofite und Zwangsarbeiterlöhne’, Historische Zeitschrift, 275 (2002), 40–41.

211. BA-B, R3101/11921, Economics Ministry Weekly Report, 18 Dec 1944, 7. The proportion of hours lost for each category was as follows: air raids 2.5%, illness 5.7%, leave 3.0%, truancy 1.3%, workplace problems 3.5%.

212. BA-B, R3102/10031, Statistical Office, ‘Vermerk über die Auswirkung der feindlichen Luftangriffe auf die Arbeiterstundenleistung der Industrie’, 27 Jan 1945, 2.

213. IWM, Box S126, BBSU, ‘MS notes on Ford Cologne’.

214. TNA, AIR 10/3873, BBSU, ‘German Experience in the Underground Transfer of War Industries’, App 1, ‘Survey of Natural Underground Facilities in Greater Germany’, 1 July 1943; BA-B, R3101/31170, Mining Office, Bavaria to Mines Department, Economics Ministry, 29 July 1943; Dortmund Mining Office to Mines Department, 7 Aug 1943. For an excellent overview of the underground programme see Paul Clemence, ‘German Underground Factories of the Second World War: An Essential Folly’, unpublished PhD thesis, University of Exeter, 2008, chs 2–3.

215. TNA, AIR 10/3873, BBSU, ‘German Experience’, 5.

216. CIOS Report XXX-80, ‘Bavarian Motor Works: A Production Survey’ (1946), 44–5, 50–51; Hans Mommsen, Manfried Grieger, Das Volkswagenwerk und seine Arbeiter im Dritten Reich (Düsseldorf: 1997), 844–5, 879, 1,027; Rauh-Kühne, ‘Hitlers Hehler?’, 44–5.

217. TNA, AIR 10/3873, BBSU, ‘German Experience’, 10, 14–15.

218. BA-B, R3101/11921, Economics Ministry weekly reports, 12 Feb 1944, 1; 11 Mar 1944, 1; 28 July 1944, 1; 23 Sept 1944, 1.

219. IWM, Box S368, FIAT Report 67, ‘Causes in the Decline of German Industrial Production’, 13 Dec 1945, 5, interrogation of Wilhelm Schaaf, 13, Saur interrogation.

220. Ibid., Box S368, Report 52, Interrogation of S. Stieler von Heydekampf, 6 Oct 1945, 10.

221. LC, Spaatz papers, Box 203, J. K. Galbraith, ‘Preliminary Appraisal of Achievement of Strategic Bombing of Germany’, 2.

222. BA-B, R3102/10031, Statistical Office, ‘Statistik der Luftkriegsschädenbetroffene Industriebetriebe: November 1944’; Statistical Office, ‘Die Tätigkeit der feindlichen Luftwaffe über den Reichsgebiete im September 1944’.

223. IWM, Box S368, FIAT Report 67, interrogation of Karl-Otto Saur, 12.

224. IWM, EDS MI 14/133, OKH, General-Quartermaster Planning Office, ‘Sturm-Programm’, 9 Jan 1945, 1–6.

225. IWM, Box S369, SHAEF-G2, interrogation of Albert Speer, 7 June 1945, 3; Box S368, FIAT Report 83, 5 Apr 1946, App 1, ‘Speer’s Outside Organization’; on the autarkic zones, BA-B, R12 I/9, Reichsgruppe Industrie to all Economic Groups, 5 Mar 1945, ‘Verkehrsnot: Bildung eines Verkehrsstabes’; RI to Economic Groups, 8 Mar 1945, ‘Einsatz von Rüstungsbevoll-mächtigten’.

226. Rumpf, The Bombing of Germany, 130–31.

227. BA-B, R1501/949, Himmler to all Reich authorities, 21 Feb 1944.

228. Irmtraud Permooser, Der Luftkrieg über München, 1942–1945: Bomben auf die Hauptstadt der Bewegung (Oberhachung: 1996), 359; Busch, Der Luftkrieg im Raum Mainz, 367.

229. Süssmilch, Im Bunker, 55.

230. Linhardt, Feuerwehr im Luftschutz, 172–4; Brinkhus, ‘Ziviler Luftschutz’, 38–9. On the ‘Air Protection Regiments’ (Luftschutz-Regimenten) see e.g. RL13/4, Einsatz LS-Regiment 7, Luftgau VII, 26 Feb–25 Mar 1945.

231. BA-MA, RL 41/7, RLB, Hesse-Rheinland, Rundschreiben, 9 June 1944.