The Origins of Autocracy

Old Believers, 50 Oligarchy, 33, 267-68, 272 Oprichnina: as a "revolution from above," 31, 54-55, 59; as a structure of power, 67-73, 314; in historiogra­phy, 74-77, 85-86, 90-93, 113, 160, 217-18, 254-55, 270, 274, 278, 280, 282-307; as an institution, 115, 127, 136, 142-44, 266, 269, 290, 313-19 Otchina, 131, 135, 137, 145-46 Ovtsyn Andrei, 305

Paisii Yaroslavov, 163, 170 Patrikeev, Vassian, 159, 169, 172, 174, 228, 312

Paul I, emperor, 57, 61, 65, 83, 90, 180, 233

Pavlenko, N. I., 229 Pavlov, A. S., 168

Pavlov-Sil'vanskii, N. P., 43, 105, 123, 244-45

Pavlova-Sil'vanskaia, M. P., 83-85, 89, 94 Peasant differentiation, 8, 12, 148, 155, 177, 290

Peasant self-government, 142, 144 Peresvetov, Ivan, 228, 312 Peter I, the Great, 1, 4, 6, 15, 21, 52-53 passim, 83, 86, 92, 109, 138, 180-81, 222, 230-31, 247, 257, 259, 295 Pipes, Richard, 7, 96-97, 111-19, 123, 141

Platonov, S. F„ 148, 216-17, 276-89,

295, 297, 309, 313, 318 Plekhanov, G. V, 58, 73, 84, 105, 123,

172-73, 244-45, 262 Pogodin, M. P., 1, 5, 215, 235-36 passim Pokrovskii, M. N., 82, 87, 89, 97, 217,

281-82 passim, 295-96 Polish uprising (1863), 63 Political stagnation, 65, 180 Polosin, I. I., 52, 68, 217-18, 280, 289,

292-93, 296, 300, 316 Pomeshchiki, 149, 151 Pomest'ia, 53, 117 Porshnev, B. F., 80-81 Posadnik, 132 Prikazy, 227 Protestantism, 175

Proto-bourgeoisie, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12-13, 77,

82, 94, 144, 148-55, 160, 172, 177 Pseudoabsolutism, 86 Pseudodespotism, 61-64, 71, 86, 239,

247, 291 Pskov, 15, 128, 136, 138, 173 Pushkin, A. S„ 73, 234

Radishchev, A. N., 64 Raskol'nikov, Fedor, 292 Re-Europeanization, 8-13, 57, 102, 153, 272

Reformation, 175 Reform of 1551-56, 149 Reform of 1861,95 Revel', 3, 10

Riasanovsky, Nicholas, 14 Riazan', 128, 131, 145 Riga, 3, 10

Riviere, Mercier de la, 33, 43 Rostov, 128, 172 Rubinshtein, N. L„ 298 Ryleev, K. F„ 215, 235

Sadikov, P. A., 68, 295-96, 300 St. George's Day, 60, 139-42, 252, 279 St. Joseph monastery of Volokolamsk, 141

Sakharov, A. N., 64, 81-82, 90-94,

117-18, 268 Samarin, Iu. F., 259 Sergeevich, V. I., 238 Shapiro, A. L., 85-86, 90-91 Shapiro, Leonard, 28 Shcherbatov, M. M., 17, 33, 216, 232-33 Shelon' River, 134 Shemiaka, Dimitri, 129, 133 Sheviakov, V. N., 306, 309 Shmidt, S. O., 86, 139, 318-20 Shuiskii, Vasilii, 62, 227-28, 267, 272-79

Sil'vestr, 75, 178-79, 235, 238, 315 Simon, Metropolitan, 162 Skazkin, S. D., 290 Skrynnikov, R. G., 86, 136, 145, 222,

263-65, 286, 289, 313-18 Skuratov, Maliuta, 294, 315 Slavophiles, 30, 223, 241-44, 247, 249, 255-60