The Secret History of the Mongol Queens

that his eldest daughter marry Ong Khan’s grandson Secret History, § 165.

“like dry horse dung in a skirt” Secret History, § 174.

“looks like a frog” Franz von Erdmann, Temudschin der Unerschütterliche: Nebst einer geographisch-ethnographischen Einleitung unter erfordelichen besondern Anmerkungen und Beilagen (Leipzig: F. A. Brochkaus, 1862).

Genghis Khan killed him Shir Muhammad Mirab Munis and Muhammad Riza Mirab Agahi, Firdaws al-Iqbal: History of Khorezm, translated by Yuri Bregel (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 1999).

Hassan Secret History, § 182.

“strength increased by Heaven and Earth” Ibid., § 113.

Mother Earth Comments of D. Bold-Erdene and B. Baljinnyam, quoted in Chinggis Khaan, edited by Enkhbaatar Naidansod (Ulaanbaatar: Ungut Hevlel, 2006).

CHAPTER 2

“I did not say that you have a bad character” Igor de Rachewiltz, trans., The Secret History of the Mongols (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2004), § 208.

Each wife would rule Hidehiro Okada, “Mongol Chronicles and Chinggisid Genealogies,” Journal of Asian and African Studies 27 (1984): 147.

He married three of his daughters Franz von Erdmann, Tmudschin der Unerschütterliche (Leipzig: F. A. Brochkaus, 1862); Isaac Jacob Schmidt, “Die Volkstämme der Mongolien,” Jahrbücher der Literature, vol. 77 (Vienna: Carl Gerold, 1837).

Tumelun was the daughter; Temulun was the sister. 31 “These feasts seldom end” François Pétis de la Croix, The History of Gengizcan the Great (Calcutta, 1816).

“How shall I watch you two enjoying each other in bed?” Hidehiro Okada, “Outer Mongolia in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries,” Journal of Asian and African Studies 5 (1972): 70.

Genghis Khan singled out only Boroghul Secret History, § 214.

“If a two-shaft cart” Ibid., § 177.

“The management of the man’s fortune” Rashid al-Din, Rashiduddin Fazullah’s Jami’u’t-Tawarikh: Compendium of Chronicles, translated by W. M. Thackson (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Department of Eastern Languages and Civilizations, 1998).

pulling one cart Secret History, §§ 186, 200.

“Whoever can keep a house in order” Rashid al-Din, Rashiduddin Fazullah’s Jami’u’t-Tawarikh.

Ogodei summoned the wrestler Ibid.

“The dragon who growls in the blue clouds” Walther Heissig “A Contribution to the Knowledge of Eastmongolian Folkpoetry,” Folklore Studies 9 (1950): 161.

“intercessors” Secret History, § 64.

Urug also has the extended meaning of “seed,” since the Mongols considered seed as the womb of a plant.

“It happened … as wide as a lake” Secret History, § 254.

“My wives, daughters-in-law, and daughters are as colorful” Rashid al-Din, Rashiduddin Fazullah’s Jami’u’t-Tawarikh.

“After Genghis Khan had tested his sons”: Ibid.

CHAPTER 3

Genghis Khan accepted the Oirat Igor de Rachewiltz, The Secret History of the Mongols (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2004), § 239.

Checheyigen was also recorded as Tsetseikhen.

“Because you are the daughter” and related quotes to Checheyigen: George Qingzhi Zhao, Marriage as Political Strategy and Cultural Expression: Mongolian Royal Marriages from World Empire to Yuan Dynasty (New York: Peter Lang, 2008).

“queens as our shields” Secret History, § 64.

“You should be determined” Zhao, Marriage as Political Strategy.

“Although many people can” Ibid.