The Secret History of the Mongol Queens

increase the taxes Thomas T. Allsen, “The Rise of the Mongolian Empire and Mongolian Rule in North China,” in The Cambridge History of China, vol. 6, edited by Herbert Franke and Denis Twitchett (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1994).

“He sent messengers” Rashid al-Din, Successors of Genghis Khan.

one of the ministers Ibid.

Tanggis George Qingzhi Zhao, Marriage as Political Strategy and Cultural Expression (New York: Peter Lang, 2008).

three hundred families George Lane, Early Mongol Rule in Thirteenth Century Iran: A Persian Renaissance (New York: Routledge Curzon, 2003).

“ordered her limbs to be kicked” Rashid al-Din, Successors of Genghis Khan; also recorded in Rashid al-Din, Rashiduddin Fazullah’s Jami’u’t-Tawarikh.

“he forthwith sent to his… the children he had of her” Rockhill, Journey of William of Rubruck.

Menggeser Noyan Rashid al-Din, Rashiduddin Fazullah’s Jami’u’t-Tawarikh; see also Christopher P. Atwood, Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire (New York: Facts on File, 2004).

She claimed these lands Hidehiro Okada, “The Chakhar Shrine of Eshi Khatun,” in Aspects of Altaic Civilization III, edited by Denis Sinor (Bloomington: Indiana University Research Institute for Asian Studies, 1990).

“After sipping the unpalatable… Egypt and Syria” Juvaini, Genghis Khan.

“They shall see what they shall see” Rashid al-Din, Rashiduddin Fazullah’s Jami’u’t-Tawarikh.

“The women of your city” Abu-Umar-I-Usman, Tabakat-I-Nasirir.

“to guard the northern frontiers” Gombojab Hangin, “The Mongolian Titles Jinong and Sigejin,” Journal of the American Oriental Society 100, no. 3 (1980); 259.

the black sulde Charles Bawden, trans., The Mongol Chron icle Altan Tobŭi (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1955), § 85.

CHAPTER 6

Mongol capital at Beijing Khubilai Khan built his new imperial capital at the place now occupied by Beihai Park in central Beijing. The Mongols and most foreigners called it Khan Baliq, but the Chinese, who were forbidden to speak Mongolian, called it Tatu.

Orghina Khatun Rene Grousset, The Empire of the Steppes, translated by Naomi Walford (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1997).

he seized the courts Rashid al-Din, The Successors of Genghis Khan, translated by John Andrew Boyle (New York: Columbia University Press).

“It was a large tent” Ata-Malik Juvaini, Genghis Khan: The History of the World-Conqueror, translated by J. Boyle (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997).

“The master craftsmen” Rashid al-Din, Rashiduddin Fazullah’s Jami’u’t-Tawarikh: Compendium of Chronicles, translated by W. M. Thackson (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Department of Eastern Languages and Civilizations, 1998).

“she went around like a boy” Rashid al-Din, Rashiduddin Fazullah’s Jami’u’t-Tawarikh.

“make a dash” Marco Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo: The Complete Yule-Cordier Edition, vol. 1, translated by Henry Yule (New York: Dover, 1993).

“People choose bays” Rashid al-Din, Successors of Genghis Khan.

“Many a man fell” Travels of Marco Polo.

acted like a man Hansgerd Göckenjan and James R. weeney, Der Mongolensturm: Berichte von Augenzeugen und Zeitgenossen 1235–1250 (Graz: Verlag Styria, 1985).

Mongol princess Gian Andri Bezzola, Die Mongolen in Abendländischer Sicht: 1220–1270 (Bern, Switzerland: Francke Verlag, 1974).

Spalato Der Mongolensturm.

many women fought Ibid.

“young and handsome” Travels of Marco Polo. 122 “When both had taken” Ibid.