The Secret History of the Mongol Queens

His four dowager queens controlled the territory Hidehiro Okada, “Mongol Chronicles and Chinggisid Genealogies,” Journal of Asian and African Studies 27 (1984): 147.

PART II

“As the age declined” Hidehiro Okada, “Dayan Khan as Yüan Emperor: The Political Legitimacy in 15th Century Mongolia,” Bulletin de l’Ecole française d’Extrême-Orient 81 (1994): 51.

CHAPTER 5

Oirat girls Rashid al-Din, Rashiduddin Fazullah’s Jami’u’t-Tawarikh: Compendium of Chronicles, translated by W. M. Thackson (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Department of Eastern Languages and Civilizations, 1998). Rashid al-Din identifies the girls as Oirat, but Juvaini (Genghis Khan: The History of the World-Conqueror, translated by J. Boyle [Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997]) leaves the name of the tribe blank. The Secret History (Igor de Rachewiltz, trans., The Secret History of the Mongols [Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2004]) identifies them as belonging to Uncle Otchigen, but Ogodei would hardly have been seeking to marry the women of his own patrilineage.

“Because they had jeered at the Mongols” Rashid al-Din, The Successors of Genghis Khan, translated by John Andrew Boyle (New York: Columbia University Press, 1971). 90 “star-like maidens” Juvaini, Genghis Khan.

yeke khatun Igor de Rachewiltz, “Töregene’s Edict of 1240,” Papers on Far Eastern History 23 (March 1981): 38–63.

“used to weep a great deal… Beki” Rashid al-Din, Successors of Genghis Khan.

“became the sharer” Juvaini, Genghis Khan.

“And the wind has pitched” Ibid.

“They put to death the youngest” Rashid al-Din, Successors of Genghis Khan.

“had killed his father… were judged and killed” Giovanni DiPlano Carpini, The Story of the Mongols Whom We Call the Tartars, translated by Erik Hildinger (Boston: Branden, 1996), p.111.

why they killed her Rashid al-Din, Rashiduddin Fazullah’s Jami’u’t-Tawarikh.

khuriltai of 1229 Igor de Rachewiltz, trans., The Secret History of the Mongols (Leiden, Netherlands, 2004), § 269.

“sent us to his mother” Carpini, Story of the Mongols.

“wives had other tents” Ibid.

“He took no part in affairs of state” Juvaini, Genghis Khan,.

“Khatun to join Ogodei… excess sensuality” Abu-Umar-I-Usman, Tabakat-I-Nasirir: A General History of the Muhammadan Dynasties of Asia, vol. 2, translated by H. G. Raverty (London: Gilbert & Rivington, 1881).

“And then they sent also for their ladies… they were put to death” William Woodville Rockhill, trans., The Journey of William of Rubruck to the Eastern Parts of the World, 1253–55 as Narrated by Himself (London: Hakylut Society, 1900).

“The affairs of the world… they might flee” Juvaini, Genghis Khan.

“You are a woman” Rashid al-Din, Successors of Genghis Khan.

“You cannot have peace…. We shall destroy you!” Christopher Dawson, The Mongol Mission: Narratives and Letters of the Franciscan Missionaries in Mongolia and China in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries (New York: Sheed and Ward, 1955).

“As to affairs of war and peace … destroyed her whole family by her witchcraft” Rockhill, Journey of William of Rubruck.

praised effusively: Morris Rossabi, Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1988).

“amounted to little … pathway of righteousness” Juvaini, Genghis Khan.