The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB

17. West and Tsarev, The Crown Jewels, p. 222.

18. Letters from Geoffrey A. Robinson to Christopher Andrew, October 19, 1997, September 14, 1998. Cairncross’s memoirs are as unreliable about his post-war career as about his earlier work as a Soviet agent. He claims that he had virtually no access to secret material in the Treasury (The Enigma Spy, pp. 124-7). According to Robinson, though, “That is totally untrue. The TUBE ALLOYS [nuclear weapons] files themselves were many inches thick, let alone all the other Secret and Top Secret files.”

19. Modin, My Five Cambridge Friends, p. 150. Cf. West and Tsarev, The Crown Jewels, pp. 222-6; Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, p. 406.

20. vol. 7, ch. 6, para. 4.

21. vol. 7, ch. 6, para. 1.

22. Mitrokhin’s notes do not give the exact dates of the surveillance team’s presence at the London residency. It arrived late in the war and remained “for several years.” vol. 7, ch. 2, para. 1; ch. 6, para. 5.

23. vol. 7, ch. 10, para. 11.

24. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, pp. 398-9; Boyle, The Climate of Treason, pp. 305, 341, 346-8. Mayhew, Time to Explain, p. 109.

25. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, p. 397. Modin, My Five Cambridge Friends, p. 201. Modin was unable to reveal Rodin’s real name and refers to him by his alias “Korovin.”

26. VENONA decrypts, 3rd release, part 3, pp. 150, 153.

27. Benson and Warner (eds.), VENONA, pp. 61-71. Hoover did not identify Bentley as his source. “At the present time,” he wrote, “it is impossible to determine exactly how many of these people had actual knowledge of the disposition being made of the information they were transmitting.”

28. Weinstein, Perjury, p. 357.

29. Bentley, Out of Bondage, pp. 204-7, 266-7.

30. If the Centre believed Gorsky to have been compromised by Gouzenko’s defection, he would probably have been recalled earlier. By March 1946 the FBI was convinced that Bentley’s defection was known to Silvermaster. Bentley, Out of Bondage, p. 267.

31. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 2. On Bentley’s contact with Pravdin’s wife, see Bentley, Out of Bondage, p. 329.

32. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 2.

33. Modin, My Five Cambridge Friends, p. 133.

34. See below, chapter 9.

35. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, p. 383.

36. See above, chapter 2.

37. Benson and Warner (eds.), VENONA, introduction. Two further studies of the decrypts were published just as this volume was going to press: Haynes and Klehr, VENONA; and West, VENONA.

38. Interview by Christopher Andrew with the late Dr. Cleveland Cram, October 2, 1996. Dr. Cram was one of the first CIA officers to be indoctrinated into VENONA in November 1952. Some of his recollections were included in the BBC Radio 4 documentary VENONA (written and presented by Christopher Andrew; producers: Mark Burman and Helen Weinstein), first broadcast on March 18, 1998.

39. Andrew, “The VENONA Secret.”

40. Weisband had been recruited in 1934. From 1945 to 1947, however, contact was broken with him as part of the security measures which followed the defection of Elizabeth Bentley. Weinstein and Vassiliev, The Haunted Wood, p. 291.

41. Interviews with Cecil Phillips and Meredith Gardner broadcast in the BBC Radio 4 documentary VENONA (March 18, 1998).

42. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, pp. 388-9; Zubok and Pleshakov, Inside the Kremlin’s Cold War, pp. 87-8.

43. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 1. Though initially made subordinate to the Council of Ministers, the Committee of Information was transferred to the Foreign Ministry in 1949; Murphy, Kondrashev and Bailey, Battleground Berlin, pp. 40-1.

44. vol. 7, ch. 6, para. 4.

45. The most detailed available account of the organization and development of the KI is a 24-page report based on information obtained during the debriefing of Vladimir and Yevdokia Petrov, following their defection in 1954: “The Committee of Information (‘KI’) 1947-1951” (November 17, 1954) CRS A6823/XR1/56, Australian Archives, Canberra.

46. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 2; vol. 6, appendix 2, part 7.

47. Dzhirkvelov, Secret Servant, p. 138.

48. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, p. 389. Panyushkin was ambassador in Washington from 1947 to 1951 and head of the FCD from 1953 to 1956.

49. Gromyko, Memories, pp. 318-19.

50. “The Committee of Information (‘KI’) 1947-1951” (November 17, 1954) CRS A6823/XR1/56, Australian Archives, Canberra.

51. “The Committee of Information (‘KI’) 1947-1951” (November 17, 1954) CRS A6823/XR1/56, Australian Archives, Canberra. According to vol. 7, ch. 11, para. 7, the GRU illegal section was not withdrawn from the KI until 1949.

52. t-7,187; vol. 6, ch. 5, part 4, n. 8; vol. 7, ch. 11, para. 5.