The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB

53. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 1; vol. 7, ch. 11, para. 7; vol. 7, app. 3, n. 62. On Korotkov’s pre-war career, see Sudoplatovs, Special Tasks, p. 48. The official SVR version of Korotkov’s career makes no mention of his post-war role as head of the Illegals Directorate; Samolis (ed., Veterany Vneshnei Razvedki Rossii, pp. 63-5.

54. Officers are not to be confused with agents, such as Philby.

55. His name appears on his birth certificate as Wilhelm August Fisher. His father, though Russian, came from a family with German origins. On the family background, see Saunders, “Tyneside and the Russian Revolution,” pp. 280-4. Fisher’s true identity was not revealed until after his death in 1971, when Western journalists noticed the name carved on his tombstone.

56. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 2 and n. 6. Cf. Samolis (ed.), Veterany Vneshnei Razvedki Rossii, pp. 156-9.

57. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 2 and n. 6. Fisher’s entry in Samolis (ed.), Veterany Vneshnei Razvedki Rossii (pp. 156-9) refrains from mentioning any of the charges made against him.

58. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 2.

59. vol. 6, ch. 5, parts 1, 2.

60. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 2.

61. Recollections of MARK’s New York friend and fellow artist, Burt Silverman; Bernikow, Abel, pp. 7-20.

62. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 2.

63. Samolis (ed.), Veterany Vneshnei Razvedki Rossii, pp. 68-70. Albright and Kunstel, Bombshell, pp. 179-85.

64. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 2. (Mitrokhin’s note mistranscribes MLAD as MLADA.)

65. Albright and Kunstel, Bombshell, pp. 176-8.

66. Tchikov and Kern, Comment Staline a volé la bombe atomique aux Américains, p. 205.

67. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 2.

68. Samolis (ed.), Veterany Vneshnei Razvedki Rossii, pp. 158-9.

69. Samolis (ed.), Veterany Vneshnei Razvedki Rossii, p. 159.

70. OREL was Sixto Fernandes Donsel; FISH was Antonio Arjonilla Toriblo. vol. 6, app. 1, part 41.

71. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 2.

72. Interviews with Ted Hall and former FBI agent Robert McQueen, first broadcast in the BBC Radio 4 documentary VENONA (written and presented by Christopher Andrew; produced by Mark Burman and Helen Weinstein, March 18, 1998). Albright and Kunstel cite information from “confidential sources” that Hall had four or five meetings in New York with a Soviet agent whom he knew as “Jimmy Stevens” in 1952-3, before finally breaking contact with Soviet intelligence (Bombshell, ch. 25). Hall acknowledges that he had several meetings with a Soviet contact, but insists that he provided no information during this period (interview with Christopher Andrew, March 11, 1998).

73. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 2.

74. See below, chapter 17.

75. vol. 6, ch. 11, part 2. Kopatzky later claimed to have been born in Kiev on New Year’s Day, 1922 (Wise, Molehunt, p. 183).

76. Wise, Molehunt, p. 184. Save for recording Kopatzky’s date and place of birth, Mitrokhin’s notes from his file contain nothing before 1946.

77. vol. 6, ch. 11, part 2.

78. Wise, Molehunt, pp. 182-3, 199.

79. Murphy, Kondrashev and Bailey, Battleground Berlin, p. 248. The SVR made available to the authors (David Murphy, head of the CIA Berlin station, 1959-61; Sergei Kondrashev, former deputy head of the FCD; George Bailey, former Director of Radio Liberty) a substantial number of files on KGB operations in Berlin before the building of the Wall. Its statement that no Kopatzky file exists—rightly dismissed by the authors as “obviously disingenuous”—is thus all the more extraordinary. The SVR claims that its only record of Kopatzky concerns his visit, under his new name Orlov, to the Soviet embassy in Washington in 1965 when he inquired about possible asylum in the USSR and complained that the FBI was “attempting to obtain an admission that he collaborated with Soviet intelligence while he was in Germany during the 1940s and 1950s.”

80. vol. 6, ch. 11, part 2.

81. vol. 6, ch. 11, part 2. On Kopatzky’s recruitment by the CIA, see also Murphy, Kondrashev and Bailey, Battleground Berlin, pp. 110-12.

82. vol. 6, ch. 11, part 2.

83. See below, chapter 11.

84. Kopatzky’s case officers were Komarov, Galiguzov, Krasavin, V. V. Grankin, Krishchenko, Borisov, Komev, Fedorchenko, Melnikov, Chaikovsky, P. A. Shilov, Govorkov, Ye. P. Pitovranov, V. G. Likhachev, V. M. Biryukov, A. Ya. Zinchenko, Ya. F. Oleynik, M. I. Kuryshev, Yu. I. Arsenev, G. G. Fedorenko, Makarov, Myakotnykh, Sevastyanov, and the illegal DIMA. vol. 6, ch. 11, part 2.

85. Andrei Zhdanov told the founding meeting of Cominform (the post-war successor of Comintern) in September 1947 that “the principal driving force of the imperialist camp is the USA. Allied with it are Britain and France.” Zhdanov, The International Situation.

86. k-11,112-13; k-7,84.