Tolstoy

78. Tsyavlovsky, ‘Kak pisalsya i pechatalsya roman “Voina i mir”’, 135–138.

79. Tsyavlovsky, ‘Kak pisalsya i pechatalsya roman “Voina i mir”’, 149.

80. Alexander Fodor, Tolstoy and the Russians: Reflections on a Relationship, Ann Arbor, 1984, 105.

81. JE 61, 139; Letopis’ 1 320.

82. L. N. Tolstoi, Voina i mir, Moscow, 2000.

83. E. Zaidenshnur, ‘Poiski nachala romana “Voina i mir: Pyatnadtsat” nabroskov (1863–1864)’, Literaturnoe nasledstvo, 69 (1961), vol. 1, 291–324, and Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, ed. V. G. Chertkov, 90 vols, Moscow, 1928–1958, vols. 13–16.

84. See Elena Klepikova, ‘Novaya staraya “Voina i mir”’, Russkii bazar, 27 March 2003.

85. War and Peace: Original Version, tr. Andrew Bromfield, London, 2007.

86. A. V. Gulin, Lev Tolstoi i puti russkoi istorii, Moscow, 2004, 219.

87. Lesskis, Lev Tolstoi, 391.

88. Tsyavlovsky, ‘Kak pisalsya i pechatalsya roman “Voina i mir”’, 154.

89. JE 61, 174; Tsyavlovsky, ‘Kak pisalsya i pechatalsya roman “Voina i mir”’, 156.

90. Or 26 August, by the old Russian calendar.

91. War and Peace, part 2, vol. 3.

92. For an authoritative account of what actually happened in 1812 see Dominic Lieven, Russia Against Napoleon: The Battle for Europe, 1807 to 1814, London, 2009.

93. JE 61, 180; Tsyavlovsky, ‘Kak pisalsya i pechatalsya roman “Voina i mir”’, 158.

94. Tsyavlovsky, ‘Kak pisalsya i pechatalsya roman “Voina i mir”’, 160.

95. Tsyavlovsky, ‘Kak pisalsya i pechatalsya roman “Voina i mir”’, 164.

96. Letopis’ 1, 346.

97. Tolstoy’s preface was published in Russkii arkhiv in March 1868, and reprinted in Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, ed. Chertkov, vol. 16.

98. Autobiography of Countess Sophie Tolstoi, 35.

99. Gusev 2, 665.

100. Letopis’ 1, 320.

101. Letopis’ 1, 315.

102. Letopis’ 1, 320.

103. For Schuyler’s biography see Peter Bridges, ‘Eugene Schuyler, The Only Diplomatist’, Diplomacy and Statecraft, 16 (2005), 13–22.

104. E. Schuyler, ‘Count Leo Tolstoy Twenty Years Ago’, Scribner’s Magazine, May and June 1889, reprinted in Schuyler, Selected Essays.

105. Schuyler’s translation of The Cossacks was published in London in 1878 by Sampson, Low.

106. Tolstaya, ‘Moya zhizn’’, Oktyabr’, 156.

107. Tolstaya, ‘Moya zhizn’’, Oktyabr’, 155.

108. Letopis’ 1, 337.

109. See I. N. Sukhikh, ed., Voina iz-za ‘Voiny i mira’: Roman L. N. Tolstogo ‘Voina i mir’ v russkoi kritike i literaturovedenii, St Petersburg, 2002.

110. Letopis’ 1, 346.

111. A. F. Rogalev, ‘“Une russe” – pervyi perevodchik romana L. N. Tolstogo “Voina i mir” na frantsuzskii yazyk’, Vestnik VGU, 2003, 4–9. Pashkevich’s translation was later used to produce English, Hungarian, Dutch, Polish and Turkish editions.

112. Sukhikh, Voina iz-za ‘Voiny i mira’, 353–354.

8 Student, Teacher, Father

1. JE 48, 129.

2. N. N. Gusev, Letopis’ zhizni i tvorchestva L. N. Tolstogo, 1828–1890, Moscow, 1958 [Letopis’ 1], 362.

3. JE 61, 225, 228, 231; Letopis’ 1, 368.

4. Letopis’ 1, 373.

5. JE 61, 237. Urusov retired from the army at the rank of general at the end of the Crimean War in order to concentrate on his chess-playing career (he was ranked fifth in the world in 1866). His main interests therefore remained cerebral, so he may not have empathised with this feeling of happiness, even if Tolstoy had been able to describe it. After he gave up competitive chess in the late 1870s, Urusov gave his considerable collection of books about chess to Tolstoy’s son Ilya. He burned most of Tolstoy’s letters to him after he renounced the Church. He was godfather to Lev, Maria and Pyotr Tolstoy.

6. Letopis’ 1, 374, 382–383.

7. JE 61, 220.

8. Letopis’ 1, 370.

9. A. A. Donskov, L. N. Tolstoi i S. A. Tolstaya: Perepiska s N. N. Strakhovym, Ottawa, 2000, 2.

10. Letopis’ 1, 369.

11. JE 61, 242.

12. JE 61, 240.

13. JE 61, 228.

14. JE 61, 252.

15. JE 61, 253.

16. T. A. Kuzminskaya, Moya zhizn’ doma i v Yasnoi Poliane, ed. T. N. Volkova, Tula, 1973, 404.

17. This account draws on Walter Kerr, The Shabunin Affair: An Episode in the Life of Leo Tolstoy, Ithaca, 1982.

18. S. A. Tolstaya, Dnevniki v dvukh tomakh, ed. V. E. Vatsuro et al., 2 vols, Moscow, 1978, vol. 1, 80.

19. Kerr, The Shabunin Affair, 182; JE 37, 75.