Ты не слушаешь. Что мы упускаем, разучившись слушать, и как это исправить

279 Все мы делаем это… – Marianee Jaeger, Anne A. Skleder, Bruce Rind, and Ralph L. Rosnow, “Gossip, Gossipers, Gossipees,” in Good Gossip, ed. R. F. Goodman and A. Ben–Ze’ev (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1994); Jordan Litman and Mark V. Pezzo, “Individual Differences in Attitudes Towards Gossip,” Personality and Individual Differences 38, no. 4 (2005): 963–980, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.09.003; Francis McAndrew, Emily K. Bell, and Contitta Maria Garcia, “Who Do We Tell and Whom Do We Tell On? Gossip as a Strategy for Status Enhancement,” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 37, no. 7 (2007): 1562–1577, https://doi.org/10.1111/j. 1559–1816.2007.00227.x.

280 …позитивные слухи побуждают людей вести себя сходным образом – Elena Martinescu, Onne Janssen, and Bernard A. Nijstad, “Tell Me the Gossip: The Self– Evaluative Function of Receiving Gossip About Others,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 40, no. 12 (2014): 1668–1680, https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167214554916.

281 …вы извлечете из этого определенные уроки для себя – Roy Baumeister, Liqing Zhang, and Kathleen D. Vohs, “Gossip as Cultural Learning,” Review of General Psychology 8, no. 2 (2004): 111–121, https://doi.org/10.1037/1089–2680.8.2.111.

282 …с готовностью сплетничали о людях… – Matthew Feinberg, Robb Willer, and Michael Schultz, “Gossip and Ostracism Promote Cooperation in Groups,” Psychological Science 25, no. 3 (2014): 656– 664, https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613510184.

283 …не вполне соответствуют действительности – Miguel Fonseca and Kim Peters, “Will Any Gossip Do? Gossip Does Not Need to Be Perfectly Accurate to Promote Trust,” Games and Economic Behavior 107 (2018): 253–281, https://doi.org /10.1016/j.geb.2017.09.015.

284 …являются разновидностью умозрительного обучения – Baumeister et al., “Gossip as Cultural Learning.”

285 …лишь 3–4% из них распространяется с целью очернения других людей – Robin Dunbar, Anna Marriott, and Neil Duncan, “Human Conversational Behavior,” Human Nature 8, no. 3 (1997): 231–246, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02912493.

286 …за обезьянами, ухаживающими друг за другом – Robin Dunbar, Grooming, Gossip, and the Evolution of Language (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998).

287 …могут включать до четырех человек – Robin Dunbar and Daniel Nettle, “Size and Structure of Freely Forming Conversational Groups,” Human Nature 6, no. 1 (1995): 67–78, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02734136.

288 …часто говорится в экономическом контексте – Frederico Boffa and Stefano Castriota, “The Economics of Gossip and Collective Reputation,” The Oxford Handbook of Gossip and Reputation (2019): 401, https://www.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190494087.013.21; Ronald Burt and Marc Knez, “Trust and Third– Party Gossip,” in Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research, eds. Roderick Kramer and Tom Tyler (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage,1996), 68–89; Ronald Burt, “Bandwidth and Echo: Trust, Information, and Gossip in Social Networks,” in Networks and Markets: Contributions from Economics and Sociology, eds. A. Casella and J. E. Rauch (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2001), 30–74; Charlotte De Backer and Michael Gurven, “Whispering Down the Lane: The Economics of Vicarious Information Transfer,” Adaptive Behavior 14, no. 3 (2006): 249– 264, https://doi.org/10.1177/105971230601400303.

289 …теорию социального обмена – Peter Blau, Exchange and Power in Social Life (New York: Routledge, 2017).

290 …важность восприятия «другого» – Bettina Bergo, “Emmanuel Levinas,” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, fall 2017, ed. Edward N. Zalta, https://plato.Stanford.edu/archives/fall2017 /entries/levinas/.