В поисках энергии. Ресурсные войны, новые технологии и будущее энергетики

10. Interviews with Lee Raymond, Samuel Gillespie, and Lucio Noto; Exxon Corp., Form S-4 Registration Statement Under the Securities Act of 1933, April 5, 1999; New York Times, December 1, 1998.

11. William J. Baer, testimony, U. S. House of Representatives Committee on Commerce, Subcommittee on Energy and Power, March10, 1999.

12. Wall Street Journal, December 1, 1999.

13. Robert Pitofsky, testimony, U. S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Subcommittee on Consumer Affairs, April 25, 2001 (“prices high”); Jeremy Bulow and Carl Shapiro, “The BP Amoco-ARCO Merger: Alaskan Crude Oil (2000),” in The Antitrust Revolution, ed. John Kwoka Jr. and Lawrence White (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), p. 141 (half a cent), p. 149 (“protect competition”); Browne, Beyond Business, pp. 73–74.

14. Interviews with Thierry Desmarest and Vera de Ladoucette.

15. Interviews with David O’Reilly and William Wicker, New York Times, October 17, 2000 (Bijur).

16. Washington Post, November 19, 2001; interview with Archie Dunham.

17. Interview with Mark Moody-Stuart; Keetie Sluyterman, Keeping Competitive in Turbulent Markets 19 History of Royal Dutch Shell (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), pp. 381–95.

18. Interview withDavid O’Reilly.

Глава 5. Нефтегосударство

1. Moises Naim, Paper Tigers and Minotaurs: The Politics of Venezuela’s Economic Reform (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment, 1993), p. 19; Herbert Adams Gibbons, The New Map of South America (London: Jonathan Cape, 1929), pp. 249, 252–53.

2. Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990), p. 507 (“the devil”).

3. Terry L. Karl, The Paradox of Plenty: Oil Booms and Petro-States (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997); Michael L. Ross, “The Political Economy of the Resource Curse,” World Politics 51 (1999): 297–322 (“ rent-seeking behavior”); Christina Marcano and Alberto Barrera Tyszka, Hugo Chávez, trans. Kristina Cordero (New York: Random House, 2007), p. 15 (Venezuelan academics).

4. Naim, Paper Tigers and Minotaurs, p. 24 (“reversed Midas touch”); interview with Ngazi Okonjo-Iweala.

5. Karl, The Paradox of Plenty, p. 71, 123 (“change the world!” “couldn’t lose”); Marcano and Tyszka, Hugo Chávez, p. 5 (“magical liquid”); Gustavo Coronel, The Nationalization of the Venezuelan Oil Industry: From Technocratic Success to Political Failure (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1983).

6. Karl, The Paradox of Plenty, p. 72 (“trap”); Naim, Paper Tigers and Minotaurs, pp. 34–35.

7. Marcano and Tyszka, Hugo Chávez, p. 59; Naim, Paper Tigers and Minotaurs, pp. 100–4.

8. Marcano and Tyszka, Hugo Chávez, pp. 4, 29, 43.

9. Marcano and Tyszka, Hugo Chávez, ch. 17.

10. Interview with Luis Giusti.

11. Interview with Luis Giusti.

12. Middle East Economic Survey, December 8, 1997 (Jakarta).

13. The New York Times, December 6, 1998 (“reeling”).

14. Interview with Luis Giusti (fire Giusti); Nicholas Kozloff, Hugo Chávez: Oil, Politics, and the Challenge to the U. S. (New York: Palgrave McMillan, 2006), p. 13; BusinessWeek (International Edition), October 26, 1998; Marcano and Tyszka, Hugo Chávez, p. 107 (Caldera).

15. Chávez quotes in New York Times, April 10, 1999, May 2, 1999, July 27, 2000; Richard Gott, Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian Revolution (London: Verso, 2005), p. 13 (“same sea”).

16. Brian A. Nelson, The Silence and the Scorpion: The Coup Against Chávez and the Making of Modern Venezuela (New York: Nation Books, 2009), pp. 125–26 (chief of security); New York Times, July 28, 2000 (“annihilate,” “devils”).

17. Bernard Mommer, Changing Venezuelan Oil Policy, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, April 1999; Middle East Economic Survey, July 8, 2002.

18. Gott, Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian Revolution, p. 170.