Войны за Бога. Насилие в Библии

{283} Roberts and Donaldson, eds., The Apostolic Fathers, vol. 1, 352–53; Williams, trans., The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, vol. 1, 272–337; Robert Smith Wilson, Marcion (London: Clarke, 1933); E. C. Blackman, Marcion and His Influence (New York: AMS Press, 1978 [1948]); Eric A. Seibert, Disturbing Divine Behavior (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2009), 54–68.

{284} «The author of evils» is from Irenaeus, «Against Heresies», xxvii, на сайтеTertullian, «Against Marcion», на сайтеи http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/03122.htm.

{285} О том, как Бог ожесточает сердца противников, см. Irenaeus, «Against Heresies», xxix, на сайте«Каину и тем, кто ему подобен…» см. xxvii, http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.ix.ii.xxviii.html.

{286} Williams, trans., The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, vol. 2, 219–308: цитата со стр. 302.

{287} Williams, trans., The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, vol. 2, 227; Roland Teske, ed., Answer to Faustus, a Manichaean (Hyde Park, NY: New City Press, 2007).

{288} Samuel N. C. Lieu, Manichaeism in the Later Roman Empire and Medieval China (Tubingen, Germany: Mohr, 1992).

{289} Elaine H. Pagels, The Gnostic Gospels (New York: Random House, 1979).

{290} О современных попытках освободить Иисуса от иудаизма см. Philip Jenkins, Hidden Gospels (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2000); Susannah Heschel, The Aryan Jesus (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 2008).

{291} Stewart J. Brown and Timothy Tackett, eds., Enlightenment, Reawakening and Revolution 1660–1815 (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006); David Sorkin, The Religious Enlightenment (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 2008).

{292} Christoph A. Stumpf, The Grotian Theology of International Law (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2006); David Armstrong, ed., Routledge Handbook of International Law (New York: Routledge, 2009).

{293} S. J. Barnett, Idol Temples and Crafty Priests (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999).

{294} John Toland, Christianity Not Mysterious (London: 1702), 37; W. Neil, «The Criticism and Theological Use of the Bible 1700–1950», in Stanley F. Greenslade, ed., The Cambridge History of the Bible (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1975), vol. 3, 240–54; James A. Herrick, The Radical Rhetoric of the English Deists (Columbia: Univ. of South Carolina Press, 1997).

{295} Stephen Lalor, Matthew Tindal, Freethinker (New York: Continuum, 2006).

{296} «Даже когда буквальный смысл…» – Matthew Tindal, Christianity as Old as the Creation (New York: Garland, 1978 [1730]), 262; «Чем более святого мужа…» – 264–65; «Без сомнения, порочным священникам…» – 270–71.

{297} Tindal, Christianity as Old as the Creation, 274–75.

{298} Tindal, Christianity as Old as the Creation, 273; Justin Champion, Republican Learning (Manchester, England: Manchester Univ. Press, 2003).

{299} О Тиндале и «стремлении к счастью» см. Lalor, Matthew Tindal, 5. Charles H. Talbert, ed., Reimarus: Fragments (Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1985; reprint of 1970 edition from Fortress Press). О первых спорах вокруг авторитета Библии в Европе см. Paul S. Spalding, Seize the Book, Jail the Author (West Lafayette, IN: Purdue Univ. Press, 1998).

{300} Thomas Paine, The Age of Reason (New York: Wright & Owen, 1831), part 1, sect. 4.

{301} Paine, The Age of Reason, part 2, sect. 6.

{302} Цитата приводится в книге James Smith, The Christian’s Defence (Cincinnati, OH: J. A. James, 1843), 296.

{303} Voltaire, «Des Moeurs des Juifs», Oeuvres Completes de Voltaire: Philosophie (Paris: Armand-Abree, 1830), vol. 2, 21–22.

{304} Mark Twain, Letters from the Earth, ed. Bernard DeVoto (New York: Perennial, 1974), 54–55; Howard G. Baetzhold and Joseph B. McCullough, eds., The Bible According to Mark Twain (New York: Touchstone Books, 1996); Seibert, Disturbing Divine Behavior, 40–43.

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{305} Georges R. Tamarin, The Israeli Dilemma (Rotterdam, Netherlands: Rotterdam Univ. Press, 1973).