Wiki-правительство: Как технологии могут сделать власть лучше, демократию – сильнее, а граждан – влиятельнее

17. Moon Ihlwan, “In Korea, NHN Makes Google a Midget,” Business Week Online, September 9, 2008 (www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/sep2008/gb2008095_505433.htm [September 2008]).

18. Asa Dotzler, “180 Million Firefox Users: Great Birthday Present,” June 5, 2008 (weblogs.mozillazine.org/asa/archives/2008/06/180million_fir.html [October 15, 2008]).

19. Beth S. Noveck, “Peer-to-Patent: A Modest Proposal,” July 14, 2005 (cairns.typepad.com/blog/2005/07/index.html [July 2005]).

20. Daniel Terdiman, “Web Could Unclog Patent Backlog,” July 14, 2005 (www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2005/07/68186 [October 2008]).

21. 2007 IBM Annual Report (www.ibm.com/annualreport/2007 [March 2008]).

22. James Bessen and Michael J. Meurer, Patent Failure (Princeton University Press, 2008), p. 22.

23. Linda S. Sanford, Let Go to Grow (New York: Prentice-Hall Professional Technical Reference, 2006), p. 4. Сэнфорд подсчитала, что лишь 16 % из 1008 крупных компаний смогли выжить за 36 лет – с 1962 по 1998 г.

24. USPTO Official Gazette Notice, “Pilot Concerning Public Submission of Peer Reviewed Prior Art,” June 26, 2007 (www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/ dapp/opla/preognotice/peerreviewpilot.pdf [October 2008]).

25. Nicholas Varchaver, “Patent Review Goes Wiki,” Fortune, August 16, 2006, p. 18; Alan Sipress, “Open Call from the Patent Office,” Washington Post, March 5, 2007, p. A1.

26. Peer-to-Patent website (www.peertopatent.org).

27. “Peer-to-Patent First Anniversary Report” (June 2008) (dotank.nyls.edu/communitypatent/P2Panniversaryreport.pdf [September 2008]), p. 6.

28. Carl J. Schramm and Robert E. Litan, “The Growth Solution,” American (July/August 2008): 3.

29. Jonathan Schwartz, “ZFS Puts Net App Viability at Risk?”. October 24, 2007 (blogs.sun.com/jonathan/entry/harvesting_from_a_troll [October 2008]).

30. Barack Obama, “Science, Technology, and Innovation for a New Generation,” November 14, 2007 (www.brackobama.com/pdf/issues/technology/fact_sheet_innovation_and_technology.pdf [October 2008]).

31. U. S. Chamber of Commerce, “Recommendations for Consideration by the Incoming Administration” (Washington: 2008), p. 7.

32. Jay Rosen, “The Future of Professionally Created Content,” Legal Futures Conference, Stanford University, March 8, 2008.

33. “Evolution of Security” (www.tsa.gov/blog [September 2008]).

34. Eric Schmidt, “Technology, Economic Growth, and Open Government,” New America Foundation, November 18, 2008 (www.newamerica.net/events/2008/eric_schmidt).

35. Thomas A. Kalil, “Leveraging Cyberspace,” IEEE Communications Magazine, July 1996, pp. 82–86.

36. Don Tapscott and Anthony Williams, Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything (New York: Portfolio, 2006).

37. IBM, “Majority of Global CEOs Plan Fundamental Change and Expect New Forms of Innovation to Drive Growth, According to IBM Study,” news release, March 1, 2006 (www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/19289.wss [October 2008]).

38. IBM Social Computing, “World Jam” (www.research.ibm.com/Social-Computing/WorldJam.htm [September 2008]); IBM, “IBM Invests $100 Millionin Collaborative Innovation Ideas,” news release, November 14, 2006 (www.03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/20605.wss [October 2008]).

39. Karim R. Lakhani and Jill A. Panetta, “The Principles of Distributed Innovation,” Innovations 2 (2007): 97–112.

40. Jeff Howe, “The Rise of Crowdsourcing,” Wired 14.06, June 2006 (www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.06/crowds.html [December 2008]), pp. 1–4; Jeff Howe, Crowdsourcing: Why the Power of the Crowd Is Driving the Future of Business (New York: Crown Business, 2008), pp. 63–70.

41. Tapscott and Williams, Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything.

Глава 2

1. Max Weber, Essays in Sociology, edited by H. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills (Oxford: Routledge, 1991), p. 216.

2. J. B. Ruhl and James Salzman, “In Defense of Regulatory Peer Review,” Washington University Law Review 84 (2006): 1–61.

3. Philip E. Tetlock, Expert Political Judgment: How Good Is It? How Can We Know? (Princeton University Press, 2005), p. 20.

4. Ibid., p. 15.

5. Scott E. Page, The Difference: How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools, and Societies (Princeton University Press, 2007).

6. Joaquin Sapien, “Industry-Packed Federal Advisory Board Told DOE to Double U. S. Coal Consumption,” May 19, 2008 (www.propublica.org/article [October 2008]).

7. Sonya Lunder and Jane Houlihan, “EPA Axes Panel Chair at Request of Chemical Industry Lobbyists,” March 2008 (www.ewg.org/reports/decaconflict [October 2008]).

8. Union of Concerned Scientists, “Restoring Scientific Integrity in Policymaking: Scientists Sign-On Statement” (www.ucsusa.org/scientific_integrity/abuses_of_science.html [October 2008]).

9. Union of Concerned Scientists, “Interference at EPA: Science and Politics at the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,” April 23, 2008 (www.ucsusa.org/EPAscience [October 2008]).

10. Chris Mooney, The Republican War on Science (New York: Basic Books, 2005).