Wiki-правительство: Как технологии могут сделать власть лучше, демократию – сильнее, а граждан – влиятельнее

7. Abraham Lincoln, “Lecture on Discoveries and Inventions (Feb. 11, 1859),” in Abraham Lincoln: Speeches and Writings, 1859–1865, edited by Don E. Fehrenbacher (New York: Library of America, 1989), p. 11.

8. См.: Saul Lach and Mark Schankerman, “Incentives and Invention in Universities,” RAND Journal of Economics 39 (June 22, 2008): 403–433; Association of University Technology Managers, “Emory Is Top-Ranked University in Latest Survey of Commercialized Research,” February 26, 2007 (www.highbeam.com); “Bayh-Dole University and Small Business Patent Procedures Act,” P. L. 96–517, sec. 6 (a) (December 12, 1980).

9. Eben Moglen, “The Global Software Industry in Transformation,” annual lecture, Scottish Society for Computers and Law, Edinburgh, June 26, 2007 (www.archive.org/details/EbenMoglenLectureEdinburghJune2007DVD [December 2008]).

10. Joseph Stigliz, “Give Prizes Not Patents,” New Scientist, September 16, 2006, p. 21.

11. Malcolm Gladwell, “In the Air,” New Yorker, May 12, 2008.

12. Frank Lewis Dyer and Thomas Commerford Martin, Edison: His Life and Inventions (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1910); см. также: The Incandescent Lamp Patent, Supreme Court of the United States, 159 U. S. 465 (1895).

13. Roger Bilstein, Flight in America: From the Wrights to the Astronauts (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001), p. 28; Robert P. Merges and Richard R. Nelson, “On the Complex Economics of Patent Scope,” Columbia Law Review 839 (1990): 16–17.

14. James Bessen and Michael J. Meurer, Patent Failure (Princeton University Press, 2008).

15. James Bessen and Michael J. Meurer, “Do Patents Stimulate RD Investment and Promote Growth?” (www.patentlyo.com/patent/2008/03/do-patentsstim.html [October 2008]).

16. Mark Lemley and Bhaven Sampat, “Is the Patent Office a Rubber Stamp,” Working Paper 999098, Second Annual Conference on Empirical Legal Studies, Stanford (papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers. cfm?abstract_id=999098 [October 2008]).

17. См.: Cecil D. Quillen Jr. and Ogden H. Webster, “Continuing Patent Applications and Performance of the U. S. Patent and Trademark Office,” Federal Circuit Bar Journal 11 (2001): 13; Cecil D. Quillen Jr., Ogden H. Webster, and Richard Eichmann, “Continuing Patent Applications and Performance of the U. S. Patent and Trademark Office: Extended,” Federal Circuit Bar Journal 12 (2002): 38 (снижение на 12 % по сравнению с более ранними вычислениями).

18. Эта глава отдает должное исследователям политического курса, таким как Дон Бренниз, изучающим взаимосвязи между информацией, опытом и коммуникативной практикой в области права и политики.

19. Autogiro Co. of America v. United States, 384 F. 2d 391 (1967); см. также: Diogenes Laertius, “Myson,” in The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers, translated by Charles Duke Yonge (H. G. Bohn, 1853). («Люди не должны искать вещи для слов, а слова для вещей; не вещи определяют слова, а слова вместе описывают вещи».)

20. Edward C. Walterscheid, The Nature of the Intellectual Property Clause: A Study in Historical Perspective (Buffalo: William S. Hein, 2002).

21. David G. Post, In Search of Jefferson’s Moose: Notes on the State of Cyberspace (Oxford University Press, forthcoming).

22. U. S. Patent 6805351, issued October 19, 2004.

23. Allan S. Lichtman and Rosemary R. Lichtman, “Professional malpractice board game apparatus,” U. S. Patent 4068848, issued January 17, 1978. Усиливает давление и то, что эксперты получают финансовые стимулы (в виде бонуса за производительность), заставляющие их быстрее выдавать патенты. См.: Gajan Retnasaba, “Why It Is Easier to Get a Patent in September,” May 23, 2008 (ssrn.com/bstrct=1121132 [October 2008]) (USPTO использует премиальную схему вознаграждения экспертов, работающих с патентами).

24. John Buell, “Weed-cutting golf club,” U. S. Patent Application 10/965431 (filed October 14, 2004).

25. Topliff v. Topliff, 145 U. S. 156 (1892).

26. Senmed Inc. v. Richard-Allan Medical Industries, 888 F. 2d 815 (Fed. Cir. 1989).

27. Tom Krazit and Anne Broache, “BlackBerry Saved,” March 3, 2006 (news.cnet.com/BlackBerry-saved/2100-1047_3–6045880.html? tag=mncol;txt [October 2008]).

28. Darko Kirovski, “Off-line economies for digital media,” U. S. Patent Application 11/296194, published June 14, 2007; см. также: “Off-line economies for digital media” (peertopatent.org/patent/20070136608/activity [October 2008]).

29. James Toupin, “Navigating Recent Cases,” March 17, 2008 (www.ipo.org/AM/PrinterTemplate.cfm?Section=IPO_Daily_News_template=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfmContentID=17638 [October 2008]).