Жизнь в средневековой деревне

328 Langland William. The Vision of Piers Plowman / Ed. A. V. C. Schmidt. London, 1984. Passus IX. Lines 162–165. P. 97.

329 Manning. Op. cit. P. 279.

330 Ibid. P. 277.

331 Owst. Preaching in Medieval England. London, 1926. P. 269.

332 Ibid. P. 269.

333 Cart. Rames. Vol. 1. P. 312.

334 Gies J., Gies F. Marriage and the Family in the Middle Ages. P. 242–245, 299–300.

335 Manning. Op. cit. P. 211.

336 E.M.R. P. 3.

337 Ibid. P. 132, 146.

338 Ibid. P. 200.

339 Coulton G. G. Medieval Village, Manor, and Monastery. New York, 1960 (first pub. in 1925). P. 477–478.

340 Письмо Дж. Рэфтиса авторам.

341 Britton. Op. cit. P. 34–37.

342 Hanawalt. Op. cit. P. 216.

343 Myrc John. Instructions for Parish Priests / Ed. E. Peacock. London, 1868. P. 18–19.

344 Manning. Op. cit. P. 240–241.

345 Myrc. Op. cit. P. 4–5.

346 Hanawalt. Op. cit. P. 172–173.

347 Ibid. P. 175–179.

348 Bedfordshire Coroners’ Rolls. P. 1.

349 Ibid. P. 51.

350 Ibid. P. 59–60.

351 Ibid. P. 98.

352 Hanawalt Barbara. Childbearing Among the Lower Classes of Late Medieval England // Journal of Interdisciplinary History. № 8 (1977). P. 20–21.

353 Owst. Literature and Pulpit in Medieval England. P. 34–35.

354 Ibid. P. 33–34.

355 Ibid. P. 34.

356 Hanawalt. The Ties That Bound. P. 166–167.

357 Cart. Rames. P. 300–301.

358 Postan M. M., Titow J. Heriots and Prices on Winchester Manors // Economic History Review. 2nd ser. № 11 (1959). P. 392–410; Hanawalt. The Ties That Bound. P. 228–229; Miller, Hatcher. Op. cit. P. VIII, IX.

359 E.M.R. P. 311.

360 Clark Elaine. Some Aspects of Social Security in Medieval England // Journal of Family History. № 7 (1982). P. 307–320.

361 Manning. Op. cit. P. 30–32.

362 Raftis J. A. Tenure and Mobility: Studies in the Social History of the Mediaeval English Village. Toronto, 1964. P. 43–44.

363 Ibid. P. 44–45.

364 Homans. English Villagers in the Thirteenth Century. P. 146.

365 Clark. Op. cit. P. 313.

366 Ibid. P. 312–313.

367 Raftis. Tenure and Mobility. P. 45.

368 Ibid. P. 44.

369 Clark. Op. cit. P. 310–311.

370 Stuckert Howard Morris. Corrodies in English Monasteries: A Study in English Social History of the Middle Ages. Philadelphia, 1923; Hilton. A Medieval Society. P. 111–113.

371 Hilton. A Medieval Society. P. 163.

372 Bedfordshire Coroners’ Rolls. P. 4.

373 Ibid. P. 89.

374 Manning. Op. cit. P. 280–281.

375 Myrc. Op. cit. P. 53–59.

376 Roberti Grosseteste Epistolae episcopi quondam Lincolniensis / Ed. H. R. Luard. London, 1861. P. 74. Цит. по: Homans. English Villagers in the Thirteenth Century. P. 392.

377 Ibid. P. 392.

378 Цит. по: Owst. Preaching in Medieval England. P. 268.

Глава VII. Деревня за работой

379 E.M.R. P. 90; J. A. Raftis. Farming Techniques. P. 329.

380 Ault. Op. cit. P. 22–23.

381 Gray. Op. cit., особенно P. 39–49 и 71–82; Грей говорит, что переход от двуполья к трехполью «позволил увеличить общую площадь пашни на одну шестую» (p. 76); Homans. English Villagers in the Thirteenth Century. P. 57; Duby. Op. cit. P. 22–23, 92–96; Miller, Hatcher. Op. cit. P. 88–97.

382 Ibid. P. 89–97 (о системе землепользования в целом); Homans. English Villagers in the Thirteenth Century. P. 54; Rowley. Medieval Field Systems // The English Medieval Landscape. P. 36–38.

383 Beresford Maurice. Studies in Leicestershire Agrarian History. London, 1949. P. 93.

384 E.M.R. P. 4.

385 Ibid. P. 34.

386 Ibid. P. 30.

387 Ibid. P. 3.

388 Miller, Hatcher. Op. cit. P. 99.

389 Ibid. P. 123.

390 E.M.R. P. XXX.

391 V.C.H. Hunts. Vol. 1. P. 75; Rot. Hund. P. 657.

392 Cart. Rames. Vol. 1. P. 323–324.

393 Raftis. The Estates of Ramsey Abbey. P. 194–195; Reynolds Robert R. Europe Emerges: Transition Toward an Industrial World-Wide Society, 600–1750. Madison, 1967. P. 132.

394 E.M.R. P. XXX.

395 Ibid. P. 4.

396 Ibid. P. 5.

397 Langdon. Agricultural Equipment // The Countryside of Medieval England. P. 96; Orwin C. S., Orwin C. S. Op. cit. P. 12; R. K. Field. Op. cit. P. 123–125.

398 Ault. Op. cit. P. 20; Miller, Hatcher. Op. cit. P. 154–155.

399 Trow-Smith. Op. cit. P. 69–70.

400 Butser Hill Ancient Farm Project; Ryder M. L. Livestock // The Agrarian History of England and Wales. Vol. 1. Pt. 1. P. 349; E.M.R. P. LIX; Trow-Smith. Op. cit. P. 123.

401 Ault. Op. cit. P. 23.

402 Ibid. P. 22; Orwin C. S., Orwin C. S. Op. cit. P. 33–35; Homans. English Villagers in the Thirteenth Century. P. 44–45.

403 Ault. Op. cit. P. 23.

404 Thirsk. Farming Techniques. P. 166; Walter of Henley. P. 19.

405 Ibid. P. 19; Raftis. Farming Techniques (East Midlands). P. 327.