Biohazard

Chemical and Biological Incident Response Force (CBIRF), U.S., 282

Chemical Industry Ministry, Soviet, 158, 301

Chernenko, Konstantin, 11

Chernobyl disaster, 80, 127

Chernyayev, Anatoly, 149

Chernyshov, Nikolai, 74, 75, 83–84, 105, 132

chicken pox,113

chimera virus, 259-60

China, People's Republic of, 233, 268, 273, 277, 292

cholera, 36, 157, 232

Cilluffo, Frank, 283

Civil War, U.S., 20

Clinton, William Jefferson, 239, 291

— Biological Weapons Convention and, 283-84

— bioterrorism, 1999 plan to combat, 282-83

— stockpiling ban order of, 281-82, 288

Cold War, 6, 39

— biological weapons development and, x, xi, 89–90, 115

Colombia, 274 Combine "Biosyntez," 300

Committee for the State of Emergency, Soviet, 208

Common Newspaper (Obshchaya Gazeta), 215

Commonwealth of Independent States, 227-28

Communist Party, Soviet, 95, 209, 221

— KA's resignation from, 212

— power monopoly ceded by, 191

Communist Party Central Committee, Soviet, x, 4,155, 221, 222, 302, 303

— organization of, 295-96

Compound 19, 73, 82–83, 105, 263

Congress, U.S., 279, 283, 291

Congress of People's Deputies, 191

Cornucopia company, 205

Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union, 46, 47, 296, 298, 302

Main Directorate of, see Biopreparat Cox, Frank, 235-36

Crick, Francis, 40

cruise missiles, 140-41

Cuba, 273-75, 277

cytokines, 289-90

Davis, Chris, 198, 199–200, 227

Davydkin, Colonel, 82

Davydov, Vladimir, 144, 189-91, 192, 195-96, 200-1, 211, 217

Defense Department, U.S., 226, 239, 251, 257, 282

Defense Ministry, Kazakh, 247-48, 254

Defense Ministry, Soviet, 206, 238

— Arms Control Department of, 226

— biological weapons approval process and, 26–28, 133

— biological weapons role of, x, 5, 9, 26–27, 28, 34, 35, 41, 99, 146, 158, 160-61, 183-84, 265-66

— General Staff Operations Directorate of, 5, 296

— military sites of, 42, 140, 194-95

— Moscow headquarters of, 3–4

— organization of, 297-98

— Virological Center of, 111

dengue fever, 281

Desert Storm, Operation, 204

Design Institute "Giprobioprom," 300

diphtheria, 157

DNA, 40, 107,125, 260

Domaradsky, Igor, 154, 157-60, 162-63

Domestic Preparedness Program, U.S., 282

Dorogov, Vladimir, 100-1

Dudintsev, Vladimir, 187

Dugway Proving Ground, 227, 235-36

dysentery, 36, 232

Dzerzhinsky, Felix, 222

Ebola virus, 8, 18, 42, 286

— epidemic of, 125

— mortality rate of, 126, 281

— Soviet code for, 20

— spread of, 109, 113, 125, 126, 281

— vaccinia virus and, 261-62

— weaponization of, 133, 175, 202

Ecology program, 37-38

Edgewood Arsenal, 233

Egypt, 277

Ekho Moskvy, 220

Ellis, Donald E., 75-76

Endo, Seiichi, 278

Energy Department, U.S., 282

enteric viruses, 109

Enzyme program, 41-43

Estonia, 186

Executive Order 12938, U.S., 281

Exotic Disease Laboratory, U.S., 282

External Trade Ministry, Soviet, 27, 295

— organization of, 304

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 282

Fifteenth Directorate of the Soviet Army, 116, 268

— biological weapons role of, 4, 16–17, 37, 52, 73, 117, 145, 158, 272, 297-98, 303

— Biopreparat's conflict with, 22–23, 120

— commanders of, 79, 80–81, 146, 181, 189, 218, 226, 264

— dissolution of, 246 organization and function of, 297-98

Filipenko, Colonel, 93

filoviruses, 125-26

First Responders Chem-Bio Handbook: A Practical Manual for First Responders, 280

First Responders Program, U.S., 283

Flute program, 171,172, 176, 222, 302

Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S., 237

foot-and-mouth disease, 38

Foreign Affairs Ministry, Soviet, 194, 196, 226

— Inter-Agency Commission of, 145-46, 148

Fort Detrick, U.S., 228-30, 234

France, 271, 273, 290

French and Indian Wars, 20

Frolov, Nikolai, 137-39, 141, 142

Galkin (government worker), 189

Gamsakhurdia, Zviad, 175-76

Gandhi, Rajiv, 276

Ganzenko, Valery, 184-85

General Staff Operations Directorate, Soviet, 5, 296

genetic engineering:

— of chimera virus, 259-60

— Cuban achievements in, 273-75

— of myelin toxin, 166-67

— research in, 40–42, 155-57, 160-64, 166-67, 234

Georgia, 175, 176, 186

Germany, Democratic Republic of (East), 273

Germany, Federal Republic of (West), 72

Germany, Nazi, 232, 233

glanders, ix, 32, 35, 42, 89, 153, 167, 232, 268-69, 286

— drug-resistant strain of, 261, 281

— Soviet code for, 20

— Soviet use of, 268

glasnost, 85

Glass House nightclub hoax, 279

Glavmikrobioprom, 116

Gorbachev, Mikhail, 11, 143, 146, 177, 178

— August coup and, 208-9, 211, 214, 217, 220

— biological weapons policies of, 132, 144, 145, 188, 189, 195, 218, 242, 263

— Five-Year Plan of, 117-18

— perestroika policies of, 7, 59, 116-18, 149

— resignations of, 221, 241

— Western foreign policy of, 7, 43, 151, 152, 276

Gorbachev, Raisa, 220

Gosplan, 43, 150, 183, 186, 201, 296

— Biological and Chemical Weapons Department of, 296

GPU (State Police Directorate), 33

Great Britain, 143, 145, 149, 151-52, 156, 177, 178, 194, 290

— biological weapons research by, 231-33

Great Plague of 165, 164 see also plague

Grechko, Andrei, 57–58, 79

GRU (Main Intelligence Directorate), 181, 226, 273, 297

Gulf War, 285

Haffkine, Waldemar M. W., 166

Harris, Larry, 279

Health Ministry, Soviet, 157, 206, 226, 261