Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity

mammals: primates marine hoofed other

birds: waterfowl shore perching other

see also Pile-up mounts

Grumbine, R. Edward

Gynandromorph see Intersexuality

Haldane, J. B. S.

Harassed copulations (heterosexual)

mammals: primates hoofed other

birds: waterfowl shore perching other

Harassment, chasing, antagonism (heterosexual)

mammals: primates marine hoofed other

birds: waterfowl shore perching other

see also Nonconsensual sexual activity; Violence

Harjo, Joy

Heinroth, Oskar

Helms, Jesse

Helpers see Alloparenting; Explanations—helpers; Nonbreeders—helpers

Hermaphroditism see Intersexuality

Hermaphroditism, sequential see Transsexuality

Heterosexism in zoology see Homophobia

Heterosexual aggression see Harassment; Nonconsensual sexual activity; Violence

Heterosexual mating difficulties see Harassed copulations; Mounting without penetration; Partner refusal

Ho, Mae-Wan

Homophobia, heterosexism in zoology

distaste, revulsion toward homosexuality

double standards

inadequate/inconsistent coverage

marginalization

omission of information

presumption of heterosexuality

questionable or inhumane treatment of animals

use of biased/derogatory terms

value judgments

see also Explanations; Naturalness; Terminology for homosexuality

Horapollo

Hormones see Explanations—pathology

Hugging see Embracing

Human homosexuality/transgender

see also Indigenous cultures; Naturalness

Hutchinson, George Evelyn

Idani, Gen’ichi

Incest (heterosexual)

mammals: primates marine hoofed other

birds: waterfowl shore perching other

Incest (homosexual)

parent-offspring mammals birds

sibling mammals birds

taboo

Indigenous cultures

and collaboration with Western scientists

and scientific corroboration of beliefs

Native American

New Guinean

Siberian/Arctic

other cultures

Infanticide (heterosexual)

mammals: primates marine hoofed other

birds: waterfowl shore perching other

Infidelity see Nonmonogamous pair-bonds

Infrequency of heterosexual mating mammals birds

Intergenerational interactions (heterosexual)

primates

marine mammals

hoofed mammals

other mammals

birds

see also Juveniles

Intergenerational interactions (homosexual)

primates

marine mammals

hoofed mammals

other mammals

shore birds

perching birds

other birds

International Ethological Conference

Intersexuality

mammals: primates marine hoofed other

Interspecies adoption see Adoption

Interspecies interactions (heterosexual) mammals birds

Interspecies interactions (homosexual) mammals birds

Jordan, June

Juveniles, heterosexual activity among mammals birds

see also Intergenerational interactions

Karsch, Ferdinand

Kidnapping, egg-stealing (heterosexual) mammals birds

Kinsey, Alfred

Kissing, nose-to-nose contact, billing (homosexual) primates marine mammals hoofed mammals other mammals birds

Laboulmène, Alexandre

LaFortune, Richard see Anguksuar

Language, sexual activity and see Cultural behavior

LaPena, Frank

Left-handedness/-sidedness

Lek mating system (heterosexual)

Lek, other display courts (homosexual)

lesbian, term applied to animals see Terminology for homosexuality

Littlebird, Larry

Lombardo, Michael

Lorde, Audre

Lorenz, Konrad

Lovelock, James

Low, G. C.

MacNeice, Louis

Male sexual cycles see Sexual cycles, male

Manual (or other appendage) stimulation (heterosexual) primates marine mammals hoofed mammals

Manual (or other appendage) stimulation (homosexual)

of partner primates marine mammals hoofed mammals

of self (during partner interaction) primates other animals

Maple, T. L.

Marquess of Tavistock

Masters and Johnson

Masturbation

tool use in

mammals: primates marine hoofed other

birds

see also Manual stimulation

Mated pairs see Partnerships

Mating outside breeding season/ estrus/fertilizable periods (heterosexual)

primates

marine mammals

hoofed mammals

other mammals

waterfowl

shore birds

perching birds

other birds

see also Pregnancy/incubation, heterosexual activity during

Mills, James A.

Mimicry, male or female see Explanations—pseudoheterosexuality; Transvestism

Monogamy see Pair-bonding

Morris, Desmond

Mortality, stress in breeders mammals birds

Mountee solicitation/facilitation (homosexual)

mammals: primates marine hoofed other

birds: waterfowl perching other

Mounter/mountee preferences (homosexual) mammals birds

Mounting (homosexual)

primates: apes langurs, etc. macaques other

marine mammals

hoofed mammals: deer antelopes, etc. wild sheep, etc. other

other mammals: carnivores marsupials rodents, etc.

waterfowl: geese, etc. other aquatic wading

shore birds: sandpipers, etc. gulls, etc.

perching birds: cotingas, etc. swallows, etc. sparrows, etc. birds of paradise, etc.

other birds: flightless birds of prey, etc. hummingbirds, etc.

see also Mountee solicitation/ facilitation; Mounter/mountee preferences; Mounting positions, variant; Pile-up mounts; Reciprocal mounting

Mounting positions, variant (homosexual)

face-to-face, belly-to-belly primates marine mammals

other positions mammals birds

Mounting without penetration, cloacal contact, and/or ejaculation (heterosexual)

mammals: primates hoofed other

birds: waterfowl shore perching other