Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity

see also Genital rubbing; Reverse mounting

Multiple matings (heterosexual)

mammals: primates marine hoofed other

birds: waterfowl shore perching other

see also Promiscuous mating system

Nataf, Zachary I.

National Forum on BioDiversity

Native American peoples see Indigenous Cultures

Naturalness

Necrophilia (heterosexual)

Neglect of offspring see Abuse

Nest-building, home-sharing (homosexual)

mammals

birds: waterfowl shore perching other

Nest desertion see Egg destruction, abandonment

New Guinean peoples see Indigenous cultures

Nonbreeders (heterosexual)

groups/populations mammals birds

helpers mammals birds

lifetime mammals birds

pairs mammals birds

other

mammals: primates marine hoofed other

birds: waterfowl shore perching other

see also Breeding rare; Mortality, stress in breeders; Postreproductive individuals; Reproductive suppression

Nonconsensual sexual activity (heterosexual)

mammals: primates marine hoofed other

birds: waterfowl shore perching other

see also Partner refusal, indifference

Nonconsensual sexual activity (homosexual)

mammals: primates marine hoofed other

birds: waterfowl shore perching other

see also Partner refusal, indifference

Nonmonogamous pair-bonds (heterosexual)

mammals

waterfowl

shore birds

perching birds

other birds

Nonmonogamous pair-bonds (homosexual) mammals birds

Nonoptimal heterosexual partners see Incest; Intergenerational interactions; Interspecies interactions; Juveniles; Necrophilia

Nonprocreative heterosexual behaviors see Anal stimulation; Genital rubbing; Manual stimulation; Masturbation; Mating outside breeding season; Mounting without penetration; Oral stimulation; Pregnancy, heterosexual mating during; Reverse mounting

Nuzzling, other affectionate touching (homosexual)

mammals: primates marine hoofed other

birds

Oral stimulation (heterosexual)

mammals: primates marine hoofed other,

Oral stimulation (homosexual)

mammals: primates marine hoofed other

Orgasm, ejaculation (homosexual)

mammals: primates marine hoofed other

birds

Pair-bonding (homosexual) see Companionships; Differences between homosexual and heterosexual behaviors; Divorce; Duration of homosexual pair-bonds; Nest-building; Nonmonogamous pair-bonds; Partnerships; Trios, quartets

Parasitism, egg/nestling transfer (heterosexual) waterfowl shore birds perching birds other birds

see also Sources of offspring

Parenting (homosexual)

by companions (platonic coparents) mammals birds

by male coparents mammals birds

by partners (mated coparents) mammals waterfowl shore birds perching birds other birds

by trios/quartets

see also Breeding by homosexual /bisexual animals; Differences between homosexual and heterosexual behaviors; Nest-building; Sources of offspring; Supernormal clutches

Parthenogenesis

Partner refusal, indifference (heterosexual)

primates

marine mammals

hoofed mammals

other mammals

waterfowl

shore birds

perching birds

other birds

see also Nonconsensual sexual activity; Violence

Partner refusal, indifference (homosexual)

mammals

birds: waterfowl shore perching

see also Nonconsensual sexual activity

Partnerships (homosexual)

consortships, preferred partners, sexual friendships primates marine mammals hoofed mammals other mammals birds

mated pairs mammals birds: waterfowl shore perching other

see also Parenting; Trios, quartets

Pederasty, pedophilia see Intergenerational interactions

Penetration, cloacal contact (homosexual)

between females mammals birds

mammals: primates marine hoofed other

birds: waterfowl shore perching other

Pile-up mounts (homosexual, bisexual) mammals birds

Pirsig, Robert

Play-fighting, erotic combat (homosexual)

mammals: primates marine hoofed other

birds

Pleasure, sexual see Sexual arousal

Polyandry, polygynandry (heterosexual)

Polygamy (heterosexual)

mammals: primates marine hoofed other

birds: waterfowl shore perching other

see also Lek mating system; Polyandry; Polygyny; Promiscuous mating system; Trios, quartets

Polygyny (heterosexual)

Post-Darwinian evolution

Postreproductive individuals mammals birds

Preening see Grooming

Preference (homosexual)

competing for same-sex partners mammals birds

higher individual proportions of same-sex activity mammals birds

ignoring opposite-sex partners mammals birds

repeated same-sex pairing or mate-switching mammals birds

reuniting after separation from same-sex partner mammals birds

see also Exclusive homosexuality

Preferred partners (homosexual) see Partnerships

Pregnancy, birth, incubation, heterosexual activity during

mammals: primates marine hoofed other

birds: waterfowl shore perching other

Pregnancy, homosexual activity during

Promiscuous copulations see Nonmonogamous pair-bonds

Promiscuous mating system (heterosexual)

mammals: primates hoofed other

birds: waterfowl shore perching other

see also Lek mating system; Polygamy

Protocultural behavior see Cultural behavior

Pseudomale, pseudofemale behaviors see Explanations—pseudoheterosexuality; Transvestism—contrasted with homosexuality

Quartets see Parenting; Sources of offspring; Trios, quartets