Catherine the Great & Potemkin: The Imperial Love Affair

54 Kukiel p 18.

55 Aragon p 131, N-S to wife February 1787, Kiev.

56 Zamoyski, Last King of Poland p 295. Mniszech p 199.

57 Miranda, pp 265–6, 22 February 1787.

58 Aragon p 134, N-S to wife. Madariaga, Russia p 370. Zamoyski, Last King of Poland p 294.

59 SA to Kicinski 21 March 1787, BP 38 p 59 quoted in Zamoyski, Last King of Poland p 294.

60 Aragon p 134, N-S to wife March 1787. X. Liske, Beitrage zur Geschichte der Kaniower Zusammenkunft (1787) und ihr Vorläufer, cited in Madariaga, Russia p 370.

61 Davis p 148.

62 Miranda p 261, 21 February 1787; p 265, 22 February 1787; p 278, 11 March 1787.

63 Miranda p 305, 11 April 1787; p 309, 21 April 1787.

64 B&F vol 2 p 120, Cobenzl to JII 9 April 1787. Miranda p 300, 1 April 1787.

CHAPTER 24: CLEOPATRA

1 This account of the cruise is based mainly on the descriptions of the Comte de Ségur, Prince de Nassau-Siegen and the Prince de Ligne, as well as on Madariaga, Russia pp 393–5, and Alexander, CtG pp 256–7. References are given below.

2 Aragon pp 141–4, N-S to wife. Ligne, Letters (Staël) p 37, Prince de Ligne to Coigny. Ségur, Mémoires (Shelley) pp 230–1. Also Ségur, Mémoires 1859 vol 3 p 30. Waliszewski, Autour d’un trône vol 2 p 233. Ségur calls Catherine ‘Cleopatra of the North’.

3 This description of the Kaniev meeting is based on the following unpublished materials: RGADA 5.166.14, SA to GAP 16/17 February 1787. RGADA 5.166.9, SA to GAP 7 May 1787. There are numerous letters between these two from 1774 to 1791 which are immensely informative about their relationship and that of Russia and Poland. This work only uses a small fraction of this unpublished correspondence. Also SIRIO 26: 284. SIRIO 23: 407–8. RGADA 5.85.2.24, L 215, CII to GAP 25 April 1787. RGADA 5.85.2.23, L 215, CII to GAP 25 April 1787. RGADA 5.85.2.22, L 215. Khrapovitsky p 33, 26 April 1787. SA to Kicinski 8 May 1787, Kalinka. Ostatnie Lata, vol 2 p 42, quoted in Zamoyski, Last King of Poland p 297. Ligne, Letters (Staël) p 40, Ligne to Coigny. Ligne quoted in Mansel, Charmeur p 111. Ségur, 1859 vol 2 p 39.

4 RGADA 5.166.14, SA to GAP, 16–17 February 1787, unpublished.

5 Ségur, Mémoires 1859 vol 3 pp 30–46. Zamoyski, Last King of Poland p 297. Ligne, Letters (Staël) p 82. Aragon p 144, N-S to wife May 1787. SIRIO 23: 408, CII to Baron F. M. Grimm 26 April 1787.

6 SIRIO 26, 284. SIRIO 23: 407–8. RGADA 5.85.2.24, L 215, CII to GAP 25 April 1787. RGADA 5.85.2.23, L 215, CII to GAP 25 April 1787. RGADA 5.85.2.22, L 215. Khrapovitsky p 33, 26 April 1787. SA to Kicinski 8 May 1787, Kalinka. Ostatnie Lata, vol 2 p 42, quoted in Zamoyski, Last King of Poland p 297. Ligne Letters (Staël) p 40, Ligne to Coigny. Ligne quoted in Mansel, Charmeur p 111. RGADA 5.166.9, SA to GAP 7 May 1787, unpublished. There are many letters from SA to GAP at this time in this font. SA promises to help GAP protect his estates in Poland. Ségur, Mémoires 1859 vol 2 p 39.

7 RGVIA 271.1.43.1, JII to GAP 25 November 1786, Vienna. This unpublished archive contains much of GAP’s correspondence with JII, his successor Leopold and their Chancellor Prince Kaunitz. B&F vol 2 p 117, Count Cobenzl to JII 25 February 1787. JII–CII (Arneth), Briefe Joseph II an den Feldmarschall Grafen Lacey, p 277, JII to Kaunitz 19 August and 12 September 1786, and JII to CII 15 February 1787.

8 SIRIO 23: 408, CII to Grimm 3 May 1787. B&F vol 2 p 141, Cobenzl to JII 11 May 1787. Ségur, Memoirs (Shelley) pp 232–3. Ligne, Letters (Staël) p 40, Ligne to Coigny.

9 BM 33540 ff365–6, SB to JB 16 May 1787, Kremenchuk. M. S. Bentham p 82. Christie, Benthams in Russia pp 186–7.

10 Ligne, Letters (Staël) p 40, Ligne to Coigny. Ségur, Memoirs (Shelley) p 234. JII–CII (Arneth) p 356, JII to Lacey 19 May 1787, Kaidak. B&F vol 2 p 140, Cobenzl to JII 6 May 1787, Kaniev.

11 JII–CII (Arneth) p 356, JII to Lacey 19 May 1787, Kaidak. SIRIO 23: 410, CII to Grimm 15 May 1787, Kherson.

12 Khrapovitsky pp 30, 29, 15–20. Ligne, Mélanges vol 24 pp 4–8.

13 Ségur, Mémoires 1859 vol 2 pp 46–7. Ligne, Mélanges vol 24 pp 4–8. Dniepropetrovsk State Historical Museum, author’s visit 1998.

14 Memoirs of the Life of Prince Potemkin p 118. Ségur, Mémoires vol 3 p 220.

15 JII–CII (Arneth) p 355, JII to Lacey 19 May 1787, Kherson; p 358, 30 May 1787, Aibar, Crimea. Khrapovitsky pp 35, 36, 15 May 1787.

16 SIRIO 23 (1878): 410, CII to Grimm 15 May 1787. Ségur, Mémoires 1859 vol 2 p 47. Ligne, Letters (Staël) p 42, Ligne to Coigny.

17 Ségur, Mémoires 1859 vol 2 pp 47–8.

18 Ségur, Mémoires 1859 vol 2 pp 54–5.