Catherine the Great & Potemkin: The Imperial Love Affair

10 RGADA 5.85.2.39, L 216, CII to GAP 9 June 1787. Ségur, Mémoires 1859 vol 2 p 90. JII–CII (Arneth) p 373, JII to Lacey 12 July 1787, Berislav. SIRIO 27: 410–13, 447. KFZ 8 June 1787. RGADA 5.85.2.31, L 217, CII to GAP (‘Your kitten’).

11 ‘Potemkin Villages’ and ‘Helbig’ in the Modern Encyclopaedia of Russian and Slavic History, Academy International Press 1982 by Joseph L. Wieczynski p 134. Georg von Helbig, ‘Potemkin der Taurier’, Minerva ein Journal historischen und politischen Inhalts herausgegeben von J. W. Archehotlz (Hamburg 1797–1800). Russische Günstlinge (Tübingen 1809). Potemkin: Ein interessanter Beitrang zur Regier ungeschichte Katarina der Zweiten (Halle/Liepzig 1804). These were republished in different forms such as (in French) Vie de Pr Potemkin by J. E. de Cerenville (1808) and Memoirs of the Life of Prince Potemkin (London 1812 and 1813).

12 Vassilchikov vol 1 pp 370–1, 22 June 1782.

13 Anspach, Journey p 160, 3 April 1786.

14 Khrapovitsky p 17, 4 April 1787.

15 ZOOID 12: 303, 309, 320, GAP to Kahovsky 1784, 1785.

16 JII–CII (Arneth) p 356, JII to Lacey 19 May 1787, Kaidak. SIRIO 23: 410, CII to Grimm 15 May 1787, Kherson.

17 Miranda p 244, 20 January 1787.

18 Anspach, Journey p 160, 3 April 1786.

19 Ligne, Letters (Staël) p 65, Ligne to Coigny.

20 Anspach, Journey p 170, 8 April 1786.

21 Ségur, Memoirs (Shelley) p 232.

22 Ligne, Letters (Staël) p 137. Ségur, Mémoires 1859 vol 3 pp 6–8, 111–13, 120–5. B&F vol 2 pp 172, Cobenzl to Kaunitz 22 June 1787.

23 Ségur, Memoirs (Shelley) p 232.

24 Moskvityanin zhurnal (1842) no 2 pp 475–88. Oral chronicle of CII’s stay in Tula, collected by N. Andreev. Miranda p 324, 9 May 1787.

25 Aragon p 117, N-S to wife 3 January 1787, Kherson.

26 JII–CII (Arneth) p 364, JII to Lacey 8 June 1787, Starikrim.

27 Ligne, Letters (Staël) p 65, Ligne to Coigny, Tula. Ligne, Mélanges vol 24 p 3, ‘Rélation de ma campagne de 1788 contre les Turcs’.

28 RGADA 2.111.13–14, 14–15, CII to Moscow commander P. D. Eropkin 12 and 20 May 1787. SIRIO 27: 411, CII to Grand Duke Alexander 28 May 1787. RGADA 10.2.38.1–2, CII to Count L. A. Bruce 14 May 1787.

29 Ligne, Mélanges vol 24 p 11. Miranda p 204, 22 November 1786.

30 IRLI 265.2.2115.5–6, L 219, GAP to CII 17 July 1787, Kremenchuk. RGADA 5.85.1.543, L 220, CII to GAP 27 July 1787.

31 RS (1876) 15 pp 33–8, Garnovsky July 1787.

32 B&F vol 2 p 192, Cobenzl to JII 9 August 1787.

33 Ligne, Mélanges vol 24 pp 5, 11, 14, quoted in Mansel, Charmeur p 116.

34 Memoirs of the Life of Prince Potemkin pp 117–18. Honoré de Balzac was one of the many who referred to the ‘Potemkin Villages’: see Graham Robb, Balzac p 383.

35 AKV 14: 242–3, Arkadiy Ivanovich Markov to A. R. Vorontsov 17 February 1787, St Petersburg.

36 RGVIA 52.11.53.31, N. Pisani to Bulgakov 1/12 May 1787, unpublished. This description of the coming of war also uses Madariaga, Russia pp 394–7, and Alexander, CtG pp 262–5.

37 Sobstvennoruchnyye bumagi Knyaza Potemkina, RA (1865) pp 740–1, CII to GAP 16/27 October 1786, and GAP to Bulgakov 13/24 December 1786. Ragsdale pp 75–103.

38 AKV 14: 242, Markov to A. R. Vorontsov 17 February 1787, St Petersburg. B&F vol 2 p 188, Cobenzl to JII 9 August 1787, St Petersburg.

39 ZOOID 8: 201, GAP to Bulgakov March 1787.

40 RGVIA 52.2.1.9, GAP to Bulgakov.

41 ZOOID 8: 203, GAP to A. A. Bezborodko 14 August 1787.

42 RGVIA 52.2.53.59, N. Pisani to Bulgakov 15/26 May 1787. RGVIA 52.2.53.80, N. Pisani to Bulgakov 1 June 1787. RGVIA 52.2.53.31, N. Pisani to Bulgakov 1/12 May 1787. All these despatches are unpublished. The latter lists the activities of the diplomats of England to encourage the war against Russia and the Porte’s policy of using diversions by the Caucasian peoples, including the Daghestanis, Chechens and Lesghis, to attack Russia.

43 RGVIA 52.2.53.130, N. Pisani to Bulgakov ud. This clearly dates from the summer of 1787. RGVIA 52.2.53.31, N. Pisani to Bulgakov 1/12 May 1787. Both unpublished. ZOOID 8: 203, GAP to Bezborodko. As he received these reports, one senses Potemkin fretting in his letters to Bezborodko. ‘I ask you so much to win some time,’ he wrote to him on 14 August 1787 when it was too late.

44 RGADA 1.1/1.47.5–9, L 223, CII to GAP 24 August 1787.

45 RGADA 5.85.2.43–8, L 233, CII to GAP 24 September 1787.

46 MIRF ch 15 p 51, M. I. Voinovich to GAP 25 August 1787. AVPRI 5.585.149, L 223, GAP to CII 22 August 1787. RGADA 11.267.38–41, GAP to P. A. Rumiantsev-Zadunaisky 22 August 1787.

47 AVPRI 5.585.343, L 226, GAP to CII 28 August 1787.

48 RGADA 1.1/1.47.13–14, L 226, CII to GAP 6 September 1787.