Catherine the Great & Potemkin: The Imperial Love Affair

49 AVPRI 5.585.317, L 229, GAP to CII 16 September 1787, Kremenchuk.

50 AVPRI 5.585.143, L 231, GAP to CII 19 September 1787.

51 Robert Slater, Rabin: Warrior for Peace (London 1996) p 142. Robert C. Tucker, Stalin in Power: Revolution from Above 1928–1941 (New York 1990) p 625. Alan Bullock, Hitler and Stalin: Parellel Lives (London 1991) pp 805–6. The newer Russian accounts, Stalin by Edvard Radzinsky (London 1996) pp 445–7, and Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy by Dmitri Volkogonov (New York 1991) pp 405–7, show that Stalin managed to function in those days more than hitherto realized. Macdonogh pp 278–80, 157. Hughes p 30.

52 AVPRI 5.585.152, L 232, GAP to CII 24 September 1787, Kremenchuk; p 314, L 232, GAP to CII 24 September 1787. SBVIM issue IV pp 150–1, GAP to Rumiantsev-Zadunaisky 24 September 1787.

CHAPTER 26: JEWISH COSSACKS AND AMERICAN ADMIRALS: POTEMKIN’S WAR

1 In Chapters 26–34, the description of the course of the Second Russo-Turkish War is based on the following works. The main source is A. N. Petrov, Vtoraya turetskaya voyna v tsarstvovaniye imperatritsy Ekateriny II 1787–91. Others are V. S. Lopatin, Potemkin i Suvorov; A. V. Suvorov, Pisma ed V. S. Lopatin; A. Petrushevsky, Generalissimo Knyazi Suvorov; D. F. Maslovsky, Zapiski po istorii voiennogo iskusstva v Rossii; ZOOID 8, 4, 11. D. F. Maslovsky (ed), Pisma i Bumagi A. V. Suvorova, G. A. Potemkina, i P. A. Rumiantseva 1787–1789. Kinburn Ochakovskaya operatsiya, SBVIM; N. F. Dubrovin (ed), Istoriya voyny i vladychestva russkikh na Kavkaze; Bumagi Knyaza Grigoriya Alexandrovicha Potemkina-Tavricheskogo, ed N. F. Dubrovin, SBVIM; RS 1875 June, RS 1876 July and RA 1877, GAP’s letters to A. V. Suvorov; I. R. Christie, ‘Samuel Bentham and the Russian Dnieper Flotilla’, and I. R. Christie, The Benthams in Russia; MIRF. In English and French, this account draws on Christopher Duffy, Russia’s Military Way to the West; Alexandre, Comte de Langeron’s accounts of the campaigns of the war 1787–91 in AAE vol 20; Roger, Comte de Damas, Mémoires; the Prince de Ligne’s Mélanges and Letters (Staël); and the Duc de Richelieu’s ‘Journal de mon voyage en Allemagne’. Langeron’s papers have not yet been published in full. Langeron’s and Ligne’s accounts have been used widely against GAP. They are useful but clearly prejudiced. Langeron’s account is balanced by his final tribute to GAP, while the unpublished letters between Ligne and GAP, used here for the first time, reveal much more about his motives. The rarely used Richelieu and Damas give a much more just account of GAP at war. If the reference is to a specific document, the reference is noted, but general information on the course of the war, mainly derived from Petrov, is not referenced. RGADA 5.85.2.43–8, L 233, CII to GAP 24 September 1787. RGADA 5.85.2.49, L 235, 25 September. RGADA 5.85.2.52–4, L 238, 2 October 1787.

2 AVPRI 5.585.365–7, L 358, GAP to CII 2 October 1787, Kremenchuk.

3 RGADA 5.85.2.56, L 240, CII to GAP 9 October 1787.

4 RS (1875) May vol 8 pp 21–33, letters of GAP to A. V. Suvorov 1787–8, 5 October 1787.

5 Byron, Don Juan Canto VII: 55.

6 Duffy, Russia’s Military Way pp 185–7.

7 AAE 20: 20, Langeron, ‘Armées Russes and Turques’. Damas pp 34–5. Engelhardt 1868 p 183. Duffy, Russia’s Military Way pp 192–3.

8 AAE 20: 95–7, Langeron, ‘Résumé des campagnes de 1787, 1788, 1789’.

9 RS (1875) May vol 8 p 21, GAP to Suvorov 5 October 1787; p 28, 1 January 1788.

10 AVPRI 5.585.190, GAP to CII 1 November 1787.

11 RS (1875) May vol 8 pp 21–33, letters of GAP to Suvorov 5 November 1787.

12 Aragon p 189, N-S to wife (Paul’s wish to join army and take wife). RGADA 5.85.2.43–8, CII to GAP 24 September 1787. RGADA 5.181.7, Grand Duke Paul Petrovich to GAP June 1788, Pavlovsk. RGADA 5.181.11 Grand Duke Paul Petrovich to GAP 26 September 1789, Gatchina. RGADA 5.182.2–3 and 181.1, 6, Grand Duchess Maria to GAP, Pavlovsk and Gatchina. Ségur, Memoirs (Shelley) p 265. Damas pp 100–7. RS (1876) 15 p 484, Garnovsky November 1787. SIRIO 42: 191, CII to Grand Duke Paul Petrovich 1791.

13 B&F vol 2 p 231, JII to Count Cobenzl 11 December 1787, Vienna.

14 RGVIA 52.2.52.10, JII to Prince de Ligne 25 November 1787, Vienna, unpublished.

15 Ligne, Mélanges vol 7 p 152, Ligne to Comte de Ségur 1 December 1787, Elisabethgrad.

16 AVPRI 5.585.312, L 254, GAP to CII 12 November 1787, Elisabethgrad.