Catherine the Great & Potemkin: The Imperial Love Affair

6 Ligne, Mélanges vol 7 pp 199–210, Ligne to Ségur 1 December 1788.

7 AAE 20: 8–10, Langeron, ‘Journal de la campagne de 1790’. Damas p 139. Ligne, Mémoires 1828 vol 1 pp 211–14, Ligne to Ségur I December 1788 and vol 2 pp 390–2. Mansel, Constantinople pp 154–7. RGVIA 52.2.89.149, Prince Alexander Mavrocordato to GAP 21 September 1790, Elisabethgrad, unpublished. SIRIO 54 (1886): 197, Richelieu, ‘Mon voyage’. Ligne, Mélanges vol 7 p 199–210, Ligne to Ségur 1 December 1788.

8 Castera vol 3 p 294. Saint Jean pp 48–54, 137–45. AAE 20: 38, Langeron, ‘Journal de la campagne de 1790’ (résumé).

9 AAE 20: 367, Langeron, ‘Résumé 1790’.

10 RGVIA 52.11.91.11, Prince Nicholas Mavrogeny Hospodar of Wallachia to GAP 5 November 1789; and RGVIA 52.11.91.6, GAP to Prince Nicholas Mavrogeny Hospodar of Wallachia 24 October 1789, unpublished.

11 Demetrius Dvoichenko-Markov, ‘Russia and the First Accredited Diplomat in the Danubian Principalities 1779–1808’ pp 208–18.

12 Saint Marc de Giraudin, Souvenirs de voyage et d’études p 249, cited in Georges Haupt, ‘La Russie et les Princapautés Danubiennes en 1790: Le Prince Potemkin-Tavrichesky et le Courrier de Moldavie’ pp 58–63. Also N. Iorga, Geschichte des Osmanishen Reiches (Gotla 1908) vol 1 p 469, cited in Dvoichenko-Markov p 218.

13 Samoilov col 1553.

14 RGVIA 52.11.91.25–6, Prince de Cantacuzino and others to GAP 12 February 1790. RGVIA 52.11.91.24, Moldavian boyars to GAP 17 November 1789. RGVIA 52.11.91.23, Moldavian boyars to GAP ud, 1790, unpublished.

15 ZOOID 4: 470. Haupt, pp 58–63.

16 AAE 20: 367, Langeron, ‘Résumé 1790’

17 Samoilov col 1553.

18 RGADA 5.85.2.206, L 385, CII to GAP 25 November 1789.

19 RA (1907) 2 pp 130–2.

20 Engelhardt 1997 p 82.

21 RGIA 1146.1.31, Mikhail Garnovsky accounts 1790, unpublished.

22 RS (1876) 16 p 425, Garnovsky to Popov 4 March 1790.

23 RGVIA 52.2.89.128, unsigned to GAP ud, unpublished.

24 Moskvityanin zhurnal (1852) no 2 January vol 2 p 101.

25 Moskvityanin zhurnal (1852) no 2 January vol 2 p 99.

26 AAE 20: 98, Langeron, ‘Résumé 1790’.

27 RGADA 11.940.5, Peter Zahorevsky to Praskovia Potemkina ud, unpublished.

28 RS (1875) June vol 13 pp 164–8. Brückner, Potemkin pp 254–5, GAP to Praskovia Andreevna Potemkina. RGADA 11.857.8, 13, 14, 19, 22, 40, P. A. Potemkina to GAP.

29 SBVIM vol 8 p 22, GAP Orders to M. L. Faleev 15 March and 25 April 1790.

30 AAE 20: 131, Langeron, ‘Evénements de la Campagne de 1790 des Russes contre les Turcs en Bessarabie et en Bulgarie’.

31 RGVIA 52.2.56.32–3, Baron I. M. Simolin to GAP 16/26 July 1790, Paris, unpublished.

32 RGVIA 52.2.39.182, Count Stackelberg to GAP 18/29 March 1788, Warsaw, unpublished.

33 RGVIA 52.2.56.32–3, Simolin to GAP 16/26 July 1790, Paris, unpublished.

34 RGVIA 52.2.35.35, GAP to Baron Sutherland 1/16 March 1787 on payment to Baron Grimm for purchases in Paris, unpublished.

35 Literaturnoye nasledstvo (Moscow 1937) vol 29–30 pp 386–9. Simolin to A. A. Bezborodko 25 December 1788/5 January 1789, Paris. The bill was 8,000 Turenne livres, each worth approximately four normal livres.

36 Vigée Lebrun vol 1 p 323.

37 Ligne, Letters (Staël) vol 2 p 5, Ligne to Ségur 1 August 1788.

38 Masson p 113.

39 A. S. Pushkin, ‘Notes on Russian History of the Eighteenth Century’ p 5.

40 RGADA 248.4404.221 reverse, CII to Senator Count Andrei Petrovich Shuvalov ordering him to assign three million roubles to GAP to build the Sebastopol Admiralty 2 September 1785. Once the war began in 1787, the budgets increased massively. A document in the same place as the above from Prince A. A. Viazemsky to CII on 7 November 1790 shows how, for example, 7.3 million roubles were distributed in 1787–90 by GAP to the Black Sea Navy and the Ekaterinoslav and Ukrainian armies through officials such as Colonel Garnovsky, Faleev and Popov. However, Viazemsky does complain that GAP had three times neglected to report on the details of all his spending of his money. Another example: SIRIO 27 (1880): 348–51, CII to GAP 14 January 1785. CII ordered Viazemsky to pay GAP one million roubles for creating new regiments. PSZ xxii no 16, 131. SIRIO 27 (1880): 354, CII to GAP 13 August 1785. In this case, the money is 2.4 million roubles for the Black Sea Admiralty.

41 Memoirs of the Life of Prince Potemkin pp 85–7.

42 GARF 9: Potemkin’s correspondence with different persons. Potemkin continued to use his ‘Court Jew’ and friend Zeitlin as well as bankers like Ferguson Tepper of Warsaw. Their unpublished correspondence is spread throughout the archives in RGIA in Petersburg, RGVIA f52 and RGADA f11 in Moscow. This is an invaluable picture of GAP’s and the Russian Empire’s finances, but again it is beyond the scope of this book. See next note for the unhappy struggles of Baron Sutherland.