Catherine the Great & Potemkin: The Imperial Love Affair

97 The threat to Potemkin’s indigenat and Russia’s position in Poland can be followed in the unpublished Potemkin–Stackelberg correspondence, e.g. RGVIA 52.2.74.2, GAP to Marshals of the Sejm Malachowski and Sapieha 7 November 1788, Ochakov. RGVIA 52.2.39.1, CII to Stackelberg 12 May 1788, Tsarskoe Selo. RGVIA 52.2.39.270, Stackelberg to GAP 13/24 December 1788. RGVIA 52.2.39.385, Stackelberg to GAP 1/12 April 1790. RGVIA 52.2.39.384, Stackelberg to GAP 5/16 March 1790. RGVIA 52.2.39.370, Stackelberg to GAP 12/23 January 1790. RGVIA 52.2.39.358, Stackelberg to GAP 3/14 January 1790. See also the anti-Potemkin propaganda: ‘Reflexion,’ RGVIA 52.2.54.147, ud, unsigned. All the above unpublished. See Chapter 23 note 49.

98 RGADA 1.1/1.43.59–60, L 432, GAP to CII 10 September 1790, Bender. RGADA 5.85.2.258–9, CII to GAP 16 September 1790. RGADA 5.85.2.260, L 436, CII to GAP 30 September 1790. RGADA 5.85.2.262, L 436, CII to GAP 1 October 1790.

99 Petrov, Vtoroya turetskaye voyna vol 2 pp 43–4, GAP to Lazhkarev 7 September 1790. RA (1884) 2 p 30.

100 SBVIM vol 8 p 16, GAP to F. F. Ushakov 14 March 1790; p 89, GAP to Ushakov 24 June 1790; p 92, GAP to Ushakov 3 July 1790.

101 RGADA 1.1/1.43.55, L 431, GAP to CII 4 September 1790, Bender.

102 RGADA 5.85.2.258–9, L 434, CII to GAP 6 September 1790.

103 SBVIM vol 8 p 172, GAP to Ribas 28 September 1790.

104 RGVIA 52.2.37.230, GAP to Bezborodko.

105 RGVIA 52.1.586.1.586, GAP to Bezborodko.

106 SBVIM vol 8 p 186, GAP to Ribas 13 November 1790.

107 AAE 20: 272, Langeron, ‘Evénements 1790’

108 Odessa State History Local Museum d680 and d681, Armand Duc de Richelieu to GAP and Alexandre Comte de Langeron to GAP 10 November 1790.

CHAPTER 30: SEA OF SLAUGHTER: ISMAIL

1 For the main sources for this account of the Second Turkish War, see Chapter 26, note 1. This chapter also uses Alexander, CtG pp 257–92, and Madariaga, Russia pp 413–26. RA (1871) September 394–6, Count G. I. Chernyshev to Prince S. F. Golitsyn 23–24 November 1790, Ismail. G. I. Chernyshev was the son of Ivan, who ran the Naval College and was opposed to Potemkin. But he is writing to his friend Prince S. F. Golitsyn, who was married to GAP’s niece Varvara and was therefore close to Serenissimus. Therefore this is the testimony of a hostile witness given to a friendly one and shows how futile it is trying strictly to divide the Russian Court into family factions or political parties.

2 Damas pp 148–50. SIRIO 54 (1886): 156, Richelieu, ‘Mon voyage’

3 RGADA 1.1/1.43.107, L 442, GAP to CII 3 December 1790, Bender.

4 RA (1871) pp 385–7, 20 November 1790, Ismail.

5 AAE 20: 168, Langeron, ‘Evénements 1790’.

6 SD vol 2 pp 524–5, GAP to A. V. Suvorov 25 November 1790, Bender. KD vol 1 p 113, GAP to Suvorov 25 November 1790. GAP uses the Polish word ‘Sejm’ instead of parliament. RA (1877) no 10 pp 196–7, GAP to Suvorov (two notes) 25 November 1790, Bender.

7 RA (1871) pp 391–2, Count G. I. Chernyshev to Prince S. F. Golitsyn 22 November 1790, Ismail.

8 RGVIA 52.1.586.1.630, GAP to José de Ribas 28 November 1790. RA (1871) September p 396, Count G. I. Chernyshev to Prince S. F. Golitsyn 27 November 1790, Ismail.

9 AAE 20: 194, Langeron, ‘Evénements 1790’

10 Memoirs of the Life of Prince Potemkin p 229. Castera vol e p 292. RGADA 1.1/1.43.51–4, L 447, GAP to CII 13 January 1791, Jassy. RGADA 1.1/1.43.22, L 415, GAP to CII 29 May 1790, Kokoteny (‘the soul of war’).

11 SBVIM 8 pp 193–4, GAP to General Ivan Gudovich 28 November 1790, Bender. SIRIO 54 (1886): 194, Richelieu, ‘Mon voyage’.

12 SBVIM 8 p 195, GAP to Suvorov, order 1730, 4 December 1790, Bender. RGVIA 52.1.16.11. RA (1877) 10 pp 197–8, GAP to Suvorov 29 November 1790, Bender, and 4 December 1790, Bender.

13 SBVIM 8 p 194, GAP to Suvorov 29 November 1790, Bender. SIRIO 54 (1886): 168–9, Richelieu, ‘Mon voyage’.

14 RV (1841) 1.8 p 345, GAP to Governor of Ismail 7 December 1790.

15 RA (1877) no 10 p 198, Suvorov to Governor of Ismail 7 December 1790, Ismail. SD vol 2 p 535, Suvorov to Governor of Ismail 7 December 1790, quoted in Longworth, Art of Victory p 167.

16 SIRIO 54 (1886): 174, Richelieu, ‘Mon voyage’.

17 Damas p 151.

18 Longworth, Art of Victory p 168.

19 AAE 20: 235, Langeron, ‘Evénements 1790’.

20 Damas pp 153–5. SIRIO 54 (1886): 181–3.

21 Damas pp 153–6. SIRIO 54 (1886): 183–7, Richelieu, ‘Mon voyage’. AAE 20: 235, Langeron, ‘Evénements 1790’.