Europe's inner demons

18 Ibid., pp. 423-4 (para. 63) and p. 446 (para. 168).

19 See above, p. 116.

20 Schmitz, op. cit., p. 425 (para. 69).

21 Lex Baiuworum, lib. XIII, cap. viii (MGH Leges, sectio I, vol. V, pp. 410-11).

22 Lex Wisigothorum, lib. VI, tit. 2, 4 (MGH Leges, sectio I, vol. I, p. 259).

23 Agobard, Liber contra... vulgi opinionem de grandine et tonitruis, cap. i (Pat. lat., vol. 104, cols. 147 seq.).

24 For references to the Anglo-Saxon penitentials see G. L. Kittredge, Witchcraft in Old and New England, Cambridge, Mass., 1929, p. 152.

25 Ibid., pp. 129, 155.

26 A. Lütolf, Sagen, Bräuche, Legenden aus den fünf Orten, Lucerne, 1862, p. 220.

27 Agobard, op. cit., col. 148.

28 B. Thorpe, Diplomatarium Anglicum aevi Saxonici, London, 1865, pp. 229-30. See also J. Crawford, “Evidences for witchcraft in Anglo-Saxon England”, in Medium Aevum, Oxford, vol. XXXII (1963), pp. 112-13.

29 Adhémar de Chabannes, Historia Francorum, lib. III, cap. 66 (MGSS vol. IV, p. 146).

30 See above, Note 13.

31 Monumenta Gregoriana, ed. P. Jaffé, in Bibliotheca rerum Germanicarum, vol. II, Berlin, 1865, p. 413.

32 Galbert of Bruges, Passio Karoli Comitis, cap. 112 (MGSS vol. XII, p. 614).

33 Agobard, op. cit., col. 148.

34 Lambert of Hersfeld, Annales, ad an. 1074 (23 April), in Opera, ed. O. Holder-Egger, Hanover and Leipzig, 1894, p. 190. For reasons for accepting Lambert’s account see A. Eigenbrodt, Lampert von Hersfeld und die neuere Quellen-forschung, Cassel, pp. 71-2.

35 Annales S. Stephani Frisingensis, in MGSS vol. XIII, p. 52.

36 Annales Colmarienses Maiores ad an. 1279, in MGSS vol. XVII, p. 206.

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37 See above, pp. 64, 66-7.

38 Augustine, De doctrina christiana, lib. II, cap. 20 (Pat. lat., vol. 34, cols. 46–47); Quaestiones 83, quaestio Ixxix (Pat. lat., vol. 40, cols. 90-3).

39 Synod of Ancyra, canon 24, in Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, vol. II, Florence, 1759, p. 522.

40 Synod of Laodicaea, canon 36, in Mansi, op. cit., vol. II, p. 570.

41 Synod of Agde, canon 42, in Mansi, op. cit., vol. VIII, col. 333.

42 For developments in the early middle ages see Elizabeth Blum, Das staatliche mid kirchliche Recht des Frankenreiches in seiner Stelliing zum Dämonen-, Zauber- und Hexenwesen, Paderborn, 1936.

43 See above, p. 152.

44 Lex Wisigothorum lib. VI, tit. 2, 4 (MGH Leges, sectio I, vol. I, p. 259;.

45 Synod of Toledo, 693, canon 2, in Mansi, op. cit., vol. XII, col. 70.

46 Capitulatio de partibus Saxoniae, paras. 21, 23, 9 (MGH Leges, sectio II, vol. I, p. 69).

47 Statuta Rhispacensia (MGH Leges, sectio II, vol. I, p. 228).

48 MGH Leges, sectio II, vol. II, pp. 44-5.

49 Exodus 22:18.

50 Leviticus 20:6.

51 Bouquet, vol. VII, p. 686.

52 Burchard’s Corrector, in Schmitz, Die Bussbüher..., p. 425 (para. 69).

53 Poenitentiale Ecgberti, iv, 7, in B. Thorpe, Ancient Laws and Institutes of England, 1840, p. 379.

54 Walter Map, De nugis curialium, Distinctio IV, cap. 6 (Camden Society, vol. 50, London, 1850, p. 164).

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55 K. V. Thomas, Religion and the decline of magic, London, 1971; A. Macfarlane, Witchcraft in Tudor and Stuart England, London, 1970.

56 Thomas, op. cit., p. 460.

57 On the accusatory procedure and the talion see P. Fournier, Les officialés au moyen âge, Paris, 1880, pp. 233 seq.; L. Tanon, Histoire des tribunaux de l’Inquisition en France, Paris, 1893, pp. 253-63; F. Pollock and F. W. Maitland, The history of the English law before the time of Edward I, 2nd edn., vol. II, Cambridge, 1952, p. 539.

58 Cf. Pollock and Maitland, loc. cit.

59 Cf. Fournier, op. cit., p. 244. That this provision could apply also in cases of maleficium is evident from the Swedish Uplandslag, cap. xix; cf. Note II to section 1 above.

60 R. Reuss, La justice criminelle à Strasbourg, pp. 265-6, Strasbourg, 1885.

61 Malleus Maleficarum, Part I, question ii, cap. 1.

CHAPTER NINE: MAGICIAN INTO WITCH (1)

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