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28 There is a manuscript of Eymeric’s Tractatus contra daemonum invocatores in Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale, Manuscrit latin No. 1464, fol. 100-61. On the date of composition of the Tractatus see J. Quétif and J. Echard, Scriptores Ordinis Praedicatorum, vol. 1, Paris, 1719, p. 710. The relevant passages in the Directorium are lib. II, quaestio xlii, “De sortilegis et divinatoribus”, and especially quaestio xliii, “De invocantibus daemones” (pp. 234-9 in the Rome edition of 1578).

29 Thorndike, A history of magic..., vol. II, p. 284.

CHAPTER TEN: MAGICIAN INTO WITCH (2)

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1 On Boniface see T. S. R. Boasc, Boniface VIII, London, 1933; and on the relations between the papacy and the French monarchy: G. Digard, Philippe le Bel et le Saint-Siège, 2 vols., Paris, 1936; H. Finke, Aus den Tagen Bonifaz VIII, Münster i. W., 1902.

2 Cf. G. Lizerand, Clément V et Philippe le Bel, Paris, 1910, p. 217. For a general account of this posthumous trial see A. Corvi, Il processo di Bonifacio VIII, Rome, 1948.

3 For the text of the accusations see P. Dupuy, Histoire du Differend d’entre le Pape Boniface VIII et Philippe le Bel Roy de France, rev. edn., Paris, 1655, pp. 101-6, 324-46, 350-62.

4 Cf. Digard, op. cit., vol. II, pp. 165-7.

5 Dupuy, op. cit., p. 103.

6 Ibid., pp. 324-46.

7 Ibid., pp. 331-3; and cf. pp. 355-6.

8 Ibid., pp. 543-75.

9 Ibid., pp. 526 seq., witnesses I, XIV, XVI.

10 Ibid., pp. 537-8.

11 Ibid., pp. 526-75. For a summary of the evidence, Ibid., pp. 523-6. For an analysis of the evidence see Finke, op. cit., pp. 227-68.

— 2 —

12 On this case see A. Rigault, Le procès de Guichard, évêque de Troyes, Paris, 1896; and for a good summary, G. Paris, “Un procès criminel sous Philippe le Bel”, in La Revue du Palais, vol. II, Paris, 1898, pp. 241-61.

13 Cf. Rigault, op. cit., p. 200.

14 For the text, translated into French from an unpublished document: Rigault, op. cit., p. 57.

15 Ibid., p. 58.

16 Rigault, op. cit., Pièces justificatives, No. XIII, especially pp. 271-2.

17 Rigault, op. cit., pp. 92-3.

18 Ibid., pp. 74-5.

19 Ibid., pp. 125 seq.

20 Ibid., pp. 102, 115, 238 seq.

21 Ibid., pp. 125-7; and cf. pp. 116-19.

22 Ibid., pp. 128-9

23 Ibid., pp. 197-9.

24 Ibid., pp. 213 seq.

25 K. Eubel, “Vom Zaubereiwesen anfangs des 14 Jahrhunderts”, in Historisches Jahrbuch, vol. 18, 1897, pp. 608-36.

26 Cf. G. Paris, op. cit., pp. 253-4, and the extract from Renard le contrefait (finished by 1322, at Troyes), Ibid., pp. 258-60.

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27 Cf Abbé E. Albe, Autour de Jean XXII, Hugues Géraud..., Cahors-Toulouse, 1904.

28 C. Raynaldus, Annales ecclesiastici, Lucca, 1738, etc. Cf. K. Eubel, “Vom Zaubereiwesen anfangs des 14 Jahrhunderts”, in Historisches Jahrbuch, 18, Bonn, 1897, pp. 72 seq., 608 seq.

29 F. Bock, “I processi di Giovanni XXII contro i Ghibellini delle Marche”, in Bolletino dell’Institute) storico italiano per il medio evo, No. 57, Rome, 1941, pp. 19–43 (esp. p. 36).

30 Text in Hansen, Quellen, pp. 2–4.

31 J.-M. Vidal, Bullaire de l’inquisition française au XIVe siècle..., Paris, 1913, document 72, pp. 118-19.

32 Cf H. C. Lea, History of the Inquisition of the middle ages, London, 1888, vol. III, p. 455.

33 Ibid., pp. 455, 657.

34 Text in Hansen, Quellen, pp. 10–11; cf Ibid., p. 8.

35 Text in Hansen, Quellen, pp. 15–16.

36 L. Tanon, Histoire des tribunaux de l’Inquisition en France, Paris, 1893, P- 121.

37 Text in Hansen, Quellen, pp. 454-5.

38 The trial proceedings are published in full in H. Duplès-Agier, Registre criminel du Châtelet, 2 vols., Paris, 1861 and 1864; vol. I, pp. 327-62; vol. II, pp. 280–343.

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Europe's inner demons
Europe's inner demons

In the imagination of thousands of Europeans in the not-so-distant past, night-flying women and nocturnal orgies where Satan himself led his disciples through rituals of incest and animal-worship seemed terrifying realities.Who were these "witches" and "devils" and why did so many people believe in their terrifying powers? What explains the trials, tortures, and executions that reached their peak in the Great Persecutions of the sixteenth century? In this unique and absorbing volume, Norman Cohn, author of the widely acclaimed Pursuit of the Millennium, tracks down the facts behind the European witch craze and explores the historical origins and psychological manifestations of the stereotype of the witch.Professor Cohn regards the concept of the witch as a collective fantasy, the origins of which date back to Roman times. In Europe's Inner Demons, he explores the rumors that circulated about the early Christians, who were believed by some contemporaries to be participants in secret orgies. He then traces the history of similar allegations made about successive groups of medieval heretics, all of whom were believed to take part in nocturnal orgies, where sexual promiscuity was practised, children eaten, and devils worshipped.By identifying' and examining the traditional myths — the myth of the maleficion of evil men, the myth of the pact with the devil, the myth of night-flying women, the myth of the witches' Sabbath — the author provides an excellent account of why many historians came to believe that there really were sects of witches. Through countless chilling episodes, he reveals how and why fears turned into crushing accusation finally, he shows how the forbidden desires and unconscious give a new — and frighteningly real meaning to the ancient idea of the witch.

Норман Кон

Религиоведение

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