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Europe's inner demons

Demons, pre-Yahwistic, 61; in Jewish Apocrypha, 31; in New Testament, 64; pagan gods as, 66,155; as fallen angels, 62, 66-7; in patristic writings, 65-7; in Cacsarius of Heisterbach, 69–71; in Richalmus of Schönthal, 71-3; powers and stratagems of, 61–73; growing obsession with, 74,97-8; and magic, 155-8; in ritual magic, 164-73; Aquinas on, 174-6; and Boniface VIII, 182-5; and Guichard, 186,187,190-1; in Kyteler case, 199,201-2,203-4; in Simmerthal case, 204; and “ladies of the night”, 214,215,217-18; as deceivers, 214,219; in earliest witch-trials, 226,229; change from servants to masters, 229, 232,2323; in human form, 68,70,99-100, 190,199, 226; in animal form, 21, 22, 30,70, 87,101,199, 226,227, 232; in idol, 87-8,184-5,193; as incubi, 174,190,199, 203, 218, 227, 252, 233; psychoanalytical interpretation,73-4, 260; See also Devil, the; Pact; witches’ Sabbat

Device family, in witch trial, 111

Devil, the, in Old Testament, 61; in Jewish Apocrypha, 62-3; acquires servants, 62-3; in New Testament, 63; in Christian Apocrypha, 65; and paganism, 67; growing obsession with, 74,97-8; and individual witch, 99-100; at witches’ sabbat, 101-2, 226; physical appearance of, 69, 99-100, 101,189; See also Demons, Devil-worship, Pact, Witches’ sabbat

Devil-worship, demon-worship, accusations of, xii, 18; against Paulicians, 18; against Orléans sect, 21; against French heretics, 21; against Cathars, 22; against German Waldensians, 30, 32-7; against Italian Waldensians, 37-8; against Templars, 87-9; against witches, 101; against Boniface VIII, 185; against Simmerthal group, 204; not substantiated, 56-9; not mentioned in inquisitors’ manuals, 59; origins of the fantasy, 74; absent in ritual magic, 169-70,173,193; in early witch-trials, 227, 238; in great witch-hunt, 252; psychoanalytical interpretation, 260; See also Vox in Rama, Witches’ sabbat

Diana, cult of, 212-19,223,226

“Dianic cult’’, Murray’s, 108-9; See also Diana, cult of

Dichtlin and Anna, accused of maleficia, 239-41

Dio Cassius, Roman historian, 6

Dionysian cult, 7,104,118

Dionysius Exiguus, monk, 156

Diplovataccio, Thomas, editor of Bartolo, 141

Döllinger, Johann Joseph Ignaz, 139

Dorothea, accused of maleficia, 242

Dualist religion, 57,129,138 See also Cathars

Dubois, Pierre, publicist, 81-2,94

du Boys, Jacques, Dominican, 231-2

Dupuy, Barthelemi, judge, 128

Edward I, king of England, 161

Elders of Zion, the, 124

Eliot, Thomas Steams, 107

Epiphanius, Greek theologian, 5, 9-10 n., 16

Errores Gazariorum, 238

Eucharist, in early Church, 8; interpreted as cannibalism, 9; cannibalistic, ascribed to heretics, 16,18,46,49; parodied, at witches’ sabbat, 102, 105

Eusebius, 3

Eutychius, patriarch, 233

Ewen, Cecil l’Estrange, 109

Eymeric, Nicolas, inquisitor, on Waldensians, 37; silent about Devil-worship, 59; alleged writer on witchcraft, 174; concerned only with ritual magic, 177-8

Eyrbyggia, 149

Fay, Jean de, Dominican and magician, 188-9

Festu, Simon, bishop of Meaux, 1867,190

Festus, grammarian, 207

Finke, Heinrich, 86

Floyran, Esquiu de, informer, 83-4, 187

Flying witches, notion of, 101, 111, 113-15,205,206-10,219-24;as part of stereotype, 101,205; and Roman striges, 206-8; in Burchard, 209; in German folk-belief, 209; not originally associated with demons, 218; influenced by “ladies of the night”, 218; alleged influence of drugs, 219-20; anthropological findings about, 220-1; based on dream or trance experiences, 209,210,220-1; not peculiar to mountainous regions, 225; in early Swiss trials, 225-6; in early French trials, 227, 229,23 8; effect on witch-hunting, 223,228-9, 237-8; ignored by Murray, 111, 113-15;See also “ladies of the night”

Francis, St, 32,42-3,44

Francis of Girondino, Waldensian, See Martin

Francis of Maiolati, member of Fraticelli, 46,48,49, 53

Franciscan Order, 42-4 See also Fraticelli; Observants

Fraticelli, origins and doctrine of, 42-4; why called “de opinione”, 43-4; tried at Rome, 44-5; pursued in March of Ancona, 51; accusations against, xii, 46-7, 51-4, 124,259